{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T12:55:33Z","timestamp":1791032133560,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"707","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]],"date-time":"1984-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":462844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Plasma 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol (25-OH vitamin D) concentrations were measured in 31 adult Saudi Arabian women who presented with acute minor illness. Patients with chronic diseases, malignancy and overt metabolic bone disease were excluded from this study. The median plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentration was 6 ng\/ml (range: 2-18 ng\/ml). Only three subjects had a concentration within the normal range (10-55 ng\/ml). Plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in subjects living in apartments than in those living in villas or rural areas (P less than 0.02). When direct questioning was used to assess exposure to sunlight, plasma 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were significantly lower in those subjects whose average exposure was less than 30 min daily than those whose exposure was more than 30 min daily (P = 0.002).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Our findings confirm the importance of inadequate exposure to sunlight in the aetiology of vitamin D deficiency. Social customs may contribute to this deficiency in spite of abundant sunshine.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Direct questioning to assess the adequacy of sunlight exposure is an essential part of history taking in cases of suspected vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.60.707.589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T20:58:16Z","timestamp":1230584296000},"page":"589-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["Exposure to sunlight and vitamin D deficiency in Saudi Arabian women"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"V.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tongia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"el-Hazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Abu-Aisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, King Saud University , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3","volume":"74","author":"CLEMENS, T.L.; ADAMS, J.S.; HENDERSON, S.L.; HOLICK, M.F.","year":"1982","unstructured":"CLEMENS, T.L., ADAMS, J.S., HENDERSON, S.L. & HOLICK, M.F. (1982) Increased skin pigment reduces the capacity of skin to synthesise vitamin D3. Lancet, i, 74.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"Is a normal plasma calcium in an Asian vegetarian really normal? Evidence for frequent autonomous parathyroid hormone secretion","author":"DANDONA, P.; MOHIUDDIN, J.; WEERAKOON, J.W.; FREEDMAN, D.B.; FONSECA, V.; HEALY, T.","year":"1984","unstructured":"DANDONA, P., MOHIUDDIN, J., WEERAKOON, J.W., FREEDMAN, D.B., FONSECA, V. & HEALY, T. (1984) Is a normal plasma calcium in an Asian vegetarian really normal? Evidence for frequent autonomous parathyroid hormone secretion. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, (in press).","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"Recommended Dietary Allowances","volume-title":"National Research Council publication No. 1694, National Academy of Sciences, Washington.","author":"F.O.O.D.; BOARD, N.U.T.R.I.T.I.O.N.","year":"1968","unstructured":"FOOD AND NUTRITION BOARD, (1968) Recommended Dietary Allowances, 7th edn, National Research Council publication No. 1694, National Academy of Sciences, Washington.","edition":"7th edn"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)92648-8","article-title":"Spontaneous cure of vitamin D deficiency in Asians during summer in Britain","volume":"1","author":"GUPTA, M.M.; ROUND, J.M.; STAMP, T.C.B.","year":"1974","unstructured":"GUPTA, M.M., ROUND, J.M. & STAMP, T.C.B. (1974) Spontaneous cure of vitamin D deficiency in Asians during summer in Britain. Lancet, 1, 586.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"Sunlight, vitamin D and osteomalacia in the elderly","volume":"910","author":"HODKINSON, C.M.; STANTON, B.R.; ROUND, P.; MORGAN, C.","year":"1973","unstructured":"HODKINSON, C.M., STANTON, B.R., ROUND, P. & MORGAN, C. (1973) Sunlight, vitamin D and osteomalacia in the elderly. Lancet, i, 910.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"113","article-title":"Geographical distribution of rickets, acute and subacute rheumatism, chorea, cancer and urinary calculus in the British Islands","volume":"1","author":"OWEN, I.","year":"1889","unstructured":"OWEN, I. (1889) Geographical distribution of rickets, acute and subacute rheumatism, chorea, cancer and urinary calculus in the British Islands. British Medical Journal, 1, 113.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency among Asian immigrants to Britain","volume":"907","author":"PREECE, M.A.; FORD, J.A.; MCINTOSH, W.B.; DUNNIGAN, M.G.; TOMLINSON, S.; O'RIORDAN, J.L.M.","year":"1973","unstructured":"PREECE, M.A., FORD, J.A., MCINTOSH, W.B., DUNNIGAN, M.G., TOMLINSON, S. & O'RIORDAN, J.L.M. (1973) Vitamin D deficiency among Asian immigrants to Britain. Lancet, i, 907.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.37.4.444","article-title":"Vitamin D nutrition in pregnant women at term and in newly born babies in Saudi Arabia","volume":"37","author":"SERENIUS, F.; ELIDRISSY, A.T.H.; DANDONA, P.","year":"1984","unstructured":"SERENIUS, F., ELIDRISSY, A.T.H. & DANDONA, P. (1984) Vitamin D nutrition in pregnant women at term and in newly born babies in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 37, 444.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"205","article-title":"Vitamin D and hyperparathyroidism","volume":"15","author":"STANBURY, S.W.","year":"1981","unstructured":"STANBURY, S.W. (1981) Vitamin D and hyperparathyroidism. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians, 15, 205.","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal College of Physicians"},{"key":"ref_10","article-title":"Accepted","year":"1984","unstructured":"(Accepted 23 February 1984)"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/60\/707\/589\/50202079\/postgradmedj-60-589.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/60\/707\/589\/50202079\/postgradmedj-60-589.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T07:59:11Z","timestamp":1683273551000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/60\/707\/589\/7048304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"707","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.60.707.589","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1984,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1984,9,1]]}}}