{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T15:25:08Z","timestamp":1758122708708},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"751","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,1]],"date-time":"1988-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":578448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>In order to determine the frequency of tumours in patients presenting with frank rectal bleeding, a prospective study was carried out in 337 patients over the age of 40 attending our Proctology Clinic. After making a clinical diagnosis, flexible sigmoidoscopy followed by barium enema was performed. Excluding 7 digitally palpable rectal cancers, there were 30 cancers (9.1%), 34 polyps (10.3%), 7 proctocolitis (2.1%) and 25 diverticula (7.6%) detected, giving a total diagnostic yield of 29.1%. A clinical diagnosis of bleeding sources other than haemorrhoids was made in 80% of the cancers. Flexible sigmoidoscopy detected 93.3% of the cancers and 88.2% of the polyps. Barium enema diagnosed the remaining cancers and polyps but there was a false-positive rate of 3.8%. From our results, we conclude that patients with frank rectal bleeding should be screened routinely for left-colon cancer irrespective of the clinical diagnosis. The flexible sigmoidoscope is a quick and useful tool. However, barium enema should be recommended to individuals with strong clinical suspicion of rectal bleeding other than haemorrhoids.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.751.364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:05:27Z","timestamp":1230584727000},"page":"364-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Frank rectal bleeding: a prospective study of causes in patients over the age of 40"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"P S Y","family":"Cheung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S K C","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Boey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C K","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(76)80276-4","article-title":"Screening for colon cancer","volume":"70","author":"Winawer, S.J.; Sherlock, P.; Schottenfeld, D.; Miller, D.G.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Winawer, S.J., Sherlock, P., Schottenfeld, D. & Miller, D.G. Screening for colon cancer. Gastroenterology 1976, 70: 783-789.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"89","article-title":"Fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer in a Veterans","volume":"145","author":"Sontag, S.J.; Durczal, C.; Aranha, G.V.; Chejfec, G.; Frederick, W.; Greenlee, H.B.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Sontag, S.J., Durczal, C., Aranha, G.V., Chejfec, G., Frederick, W. & Greenlee, H.B. Fecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer in a Veterans Administration Hospital. Am J Surg 1983, 145: 89-94.","journal-title":"Administration Hospital. Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(82)80086-3","article-title":"Editorials: Sensitivity of fecal occult blood testing for adenomas","volume":"83","year":"1982","unstructured":"Editorials: Sensitivity of fecal occult blood testing for adenomas. Gastroenterology 1982, 83: 1136-1138.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"327","article-title":"Ano-rectal bleeding: a study of causes and investigative yields","volume":"219","author":"Williams, J.T.; Thomson, J.P.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Williams, J.T. & Thomson, J.P.S. Ano-rectal bleeding: a study of causes and investigative yields. The Practitioner 1977, 219: 327-331.","journal-title":"The Practitioner"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.58.676.92","article-title":"Causes of ano-rectal bleeding","volume":"58","author":"Dehn, T.; McGinn, F.P.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Dehn, T. & McGinn, F.P. Causes of ano-rectal bleeding. Postgraduate Med J 1982, 58: 92-93.","journal-title":"Postgraduate Med J"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"703","article-title":"Large intestine","author":"Schottenfeld, D.; Winawer, S.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Schottenfeld, D. & Winawer, S.J. Large intestine. 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N Engl J Med 1980, 302: 1011-1012.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553098","article-title":"Guidelines for use of the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope in the management of the surgical patient","volume":"25","author":"Marks, G.; Gathright, J.B.; Boggs, H.W.; Ray, J.E.; Castro, A.F.; Salvati, E.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marks, G., Gathright, J.B., Boggs, H.W., Ray, J.E., Castro, A.F. & Salvati, E. Guidelines for use of the flexible fiberoptic sigmoidoscope in the management of the surgical patient. 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