{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:48:38Z","timestamp":1777110518071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"753","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]],"date-time":"1988-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":583718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The increasing use of beryllium in a variety of industries continues to be a hazard. New cases are still being reported to the UK Beryllium Case Registry, now numbering 60 in the period 1945-1988. The majority of cases follow inhalation which results in acute beryllium disease (chemical pneumonitis) or more commonly chronic beryllium disease--a granulomatous pneumonitis. Granulomatous skin nodules also occur following local implantation. The clinical and radiological features are briefly described with the emphasis on pathology and immunology. Laser microprobe mass spectrometry analysis of tissue sections is a major advance in diagnosis. Detection of beryllium distinguishes the granulomas of chronic beryllium disease from other diseases, in particular sarcoidosis. The role of beryllium lymphocyte transformation tests is discussed. Chronic beryllium disease is steroid dependent and local excision of skin lesions appears to be curative. There is no evidence that beryllium is carcinogenic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.64.753.511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:05:27Z","timestamp":1230584727000},"page":"511-516","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Beryllium disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"W","family":"Jones Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wales College of Medicine , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Liuber eine Apparatur zur Erzeugung niedriger straubkonzentrationen von grosser Konstanz und eine Methode zur mikrogravinctrischen Straubbestemmung Anweden bei der Untersuchang cor Stauben aus der Beryllium gewinnung","volume":"1933","author":"Weber, H.H.; Englehardt, W.E.","unstructured":"Weber, H.H. & Englehardt, W.E. Liuber eine Apparatur zur Erzeugung niedriger straubkonzentrationen von grosser Konstanz und eine Methode zur mikrogravinctrischen Straubbestemmung Anweden bei der Untersuchang cor Stauben aus der Beryllium gewinnung. Zentble GewHyg Unfallerhutt 1933, 10: 41-47.","journal-title":"Zentble GewHyg Unfallerhutt"},{"issue":"28","key":"ref_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Delayed chemical pneumonitis occurring in workers exposed to beryllium compounds","volume":"1946","author":"Hardy, H.L.; Tabershaw, I.R.","unstructured":"Hardy, H.L. & Tabershaw, I.R. Delayed chemical pneumonitis occurring in workers exposed to beryllium compounds. J Industr Hyg Tox 1946, 28: 197-211.","journal-title":"J Industr Hyg Tox"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764-198303000-00012","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of beryllium induced non malignant lung disease: A 30 year update","volume":"25","author":"Eisenbud, M.; Lisson, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Eisenbud, M. & Lisson, J. Epidemiological aspects of beryllium induced non malignant lung disease: A 30 year update. J Occup Med 1983, 25: 196-202.","journal-title":"J Occup Med"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"312","article-title":"for continuing surveillance","volume":"3","author":"Tanaka, S.; Smith, A.B.; Halperin, W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tanaka, S., Smith, A.B., Halperin, W. et al. Beryllium disease, necessity for continuing surveillance. Chest 1983, 3: 312.","journal-title":"et al. Beryllium disease"},{"issue":"146","key":"ref_5","first-page":"284","article-title":"UK Beryllium Case Registry 1945-1985","volume":"1985","author":"Jones Williams, W.","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. UK Beryllium Case Registry 1945-1985. J Pathol 1985, 146: 284A.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"93","article-title":"Beryllium disease - pathology and diagnosis","volume":"27","author":"Jones Williams, W.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. Beryllium disease - pathology and diagnosis. J Soc Occup Med 1977, 27: 93-96.","journal-title":"J Soc Occup Med"},{"issue":"278","key":"ref_7","first-page":"654","article-title":"problems of differentiating between beryllium disease and sarcoidosis","volume":"1976","author":"Sprince, N.L.; Kazemi, H.; Hardy, L.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sprince, N.L., Kazemi, H. & Hardy, L. Current (1975) problems of differentiating between beryllium disease and sarcoidosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1976, 278: 654-664.","journal-title":"Current"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"689","article-title":"Beryllium skin disease","volume-title":"Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders","author":"Jones Williams, W.; Williams, W.R.; Kelland, D.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W., Williams, W.R., Kelland, D. et al. Beryllium skin disease. In: Grassi, C., Rizzato, G. & Pozzi, E. (eds) Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatous Disorders. Excerpta Medica, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, 1988, pp. 689-690."},{"key":"ref_9","series-title":"Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Sarcoidosis","first-page":"141","article-title":"Cutaneous and pulmonary, manifestations of chronic beryllium disease","author":"Jones Williams, W.; Kilpatrick, G.S.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. & Kilpatrick, G.S. Cutaneous and pulmonary, manifestations of chronic beryllium disease. In: Iwai, K. & Hosoda, Y. (eds) Proceedings of the VI International Conference on Sarcoidosis. University Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1974, pp. 141-145."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.29.1.115","article-title":"Fine structure and histochemistry of epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis","volume":"29","author":"James, E.M.V.; Jones Williams, W.","year":"1974","unstructured":"James, E.M.V. & Jones Williams, W. Fine structure and histochemistry of epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis. Thorax 1974, 29: 115-120.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"927","article-title":"Macrophage behaviour in experimental granulomas","volume-title":"Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology","author":"Spector, W.G.; Mariano, M.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Spector, W.G. & Mariano, M. Macrophage behaviour in experimental granulomas. In: Van Furth, R. (ed) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology. Blackwell, Oxford, 1975, p. 927."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"282","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies distinguish macrophages and epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis and leprosy","volume":"68","author":"Munro, C.S.; Campbell, D.A.; Collings, L.A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Munro, C.S., Campbell, D.A., Collings, L.A. et al. Monoclonal antibodies distinguish macrophages and epithelioid cells in sarcoidosis and leprosy. Clin Exp Immunol 1987, 68: 282-287.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.36.7.723","article-title":"Granulomatous inflammation: A review","volume":"36","author":"Williams, G.T.; Jones Williams, W.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Williams, G.T. & Jones Williams, W. Granulomatous inflammation: A review. J Clin Pathol 1983, 36: 723-733.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12264096","article-title":"Appearance of T-cell subpopulations during the time course of beryllium induced granulomas","volume":"83","author":"Maceira, J.M.P.; Fukuyama, K.; Epstein, W.L.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Maceira, J.M.P., Fukuyama, K. & Epstein, W.L. Appearance of T-cell subpopulations during the time course of beryllium induced granulomas. J Invest Dermatol 1984, 83: 314-316.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"69","key":"ref_15","first-page":"193","article-title":"The nature and origin of Schaumann bodies","volume":"1960","author":"Jones Williams, W.","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. The nature and origin of Schaumann bodies, J Path Bact 1960, 69: 193-201.","journal-title":"J Path Bact"},{"issue":"96","key":"ref_16","first-page":"491","article-title":"The properties and development of conchoidal bodies in sarcoid and sarcoid-like granulomas","volume":"1968","author":"W., Jones Williams; Williams, D.","unstructured":"Jones Williams W., Williams, D. The properties and development of conchoidal bodies in sarcoid and sarcoid-like granulomas. J Path Bact 1968, 96: 491-496.","journal-title":"J Path Bact"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1976.tb47078.x","article-title":"The first seven cases of chronic beryllium disease in ceramic workers in Japan","volume":"278","author":"Izumi, T.; Kobara, Y.; Inui, S.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Izumi, T., Kobara, Y., Inui, S. et al. The first seven cases of chronic beryllium disease in ceramic workers in Japan. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1976, 278: 636-653.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(70)80003-X","article-title":"Beryllium disease","volume":"1","author":"Freiman, D.G.; Hardy, H.L.","year":"1970","unstructured":"Freiman, D.G. & Hardy, H.L. Beryllium disease. Hum Pathol 1970, 1: 25-44.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref_19","first-page":"821","article-title":"Microemission spectrochemical analysis of human lungs for beryllium","volume":"1968","author":"Robinson, F.R.; Brokeshoulder, S.F.; Thomas, A.A.","unstructured":"Robinson, F.R., Brokeshoulder, S.F., Thomas, A.A. et al. Microemission spectrochemical analysis of human lungs for beryllium. Am J Clin Pathol 1968, 49: 821-825.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.8.900","article-title":"New aid for diagnosing chronic beryllium disease (CBD): Laser Ion Mass Analysis (LIMA)","volume":"39","author":"Jones Williams, W.; Kelland, D.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. & Kelland, D., New aid for diagnosing chronic beryllium disease (CBD): Laser Ion Mass Analysis (LIMA). J Clin Pathol 1986, 39: 900-901.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref_21","first-page":"150","article-title":"The diagnosis of beryllium disease with special reference to the patch test","volume":"1959","author":"Curtis, G.H.","unstructured":"Curtis, G.H. The diagnosis of beryllium disease with special reference to the patch test. Arch Indust Hlth 1959, 19: 150-153.","journal-title":"Arch Indust Hlth"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.38.1.41","article-title":"Values of beryllium transformation tests in chronic beryllium disease and in potentially exposed workers","volume":"38","author":"Jones Williams, W.; Williams, W.R.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. & Williams, W.R. Values of beryllium transformation tests in chronic beryllium disease and in potentially exposed workers. Thorax 1983, 38: 41-44.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref_23","author":"McConnochie, K.; Kilpatrick, G.S.; Williams, W.R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"McConnochie, K., Kilpatrick, G.S., Williams, W.R. et al. Beryllium disease in identical twins. Br J Dis Chest 1987, in press.","journal-title":"et al. Beryllium disease in identical twins. Br J Dis Chest"},{"issue":"102","key":"ref_24","first-page":"93","article-title":"Bronchiolar lavage. Role in pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of interstitial lung disease","volume":"1985","author":"Daniele, R.P.; Elias, J.A.; Epstein, P.E.","unstructured":"Daniele, R.P., Elias, J.A., Epstein, P.E. et al. Bronchiolar lavage. Role in pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of interstitial lung disease. Ann Intern Med 1985, 102: 93-108.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref_25","article-title":"Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatus Disorders: Major Problems in Internal","volume":"24","author":"James, D.G.; Jones Williams, W.","year":"1985","unstructured":"James, D.G. & Jones Williams, W. Sarcoidosis and Other Granulomatus Disorders: Major Problems in Internal Medicine, Vol. 24. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 1985.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref_26","first-page":"469","article-title":"The pathology of the acute and chronic stages of Farmers'","volume":"1968","author":"Seal, R.M.E.; Harke, E.J.; Thomas, G.O.","unstructured":"Seal, R.M.E., Harke, E.J., Thomas, G.O. et al. The pathology of the acute and chronic stages of Farmers' lung. Thorax 1968, 23, 469-489.","journal-title":"lung. Thorax"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_27","first-page":"94","article-title":"Necrotising sarcoidal granulomatosis: A problem of identity. A study of seven cases","volume":"1987","author":"Gibbs, A.R.; Jones Williams, W.; Kelland, D.","unstructured":"Gibbs, A.R., Jones Williams, W. & Kelland, D. Necrotising sarcoidal granulomatosis: A problem of identity. A study of seven cases. Sarcoidosis, 1987, 4: 94-100.","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"493","article-title":"Sarcoid like granulomatosis induced by aluminium dusts","volume":"135","author":"DeVuyst, P.; DuMortimer, P.; Schandene, L.","year":"1987","unstructured":"DeVuyst, P., DuMortimer, P., Schandene, L. et al. Sarcoid like granulomatosis induced by aluminium dusts. Am Rev Resp Dis 1987, 135: 493-497.","journal-title":"Am Rev Resp Dis"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"43","article-title":"Granulomatous diseases associated with pulmonary deposition of titanium","volume":"1986","author":"Redline, S.; Barna, B.; Tomashefski, J.F.","unstructured":"Redline, S., Barna, B., Tomashefski, J.F. et al. Granulomatous diseases associated with pulmonary deposition of titanium. Br J Industr Med 1986, 43: 652-656.","journal-title":"Br J Industr Med"},{"key":"ref_30","series-title":"Proceedings of World Conference on","article-title":"Granulomas in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis","author":"Jones Williams, W.","unstructured":"Jones Williams, W. Granulomas in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In: Proceedings of World Conference on Sarcoidosis. Grassi, C., Rizzato, G. & Pozzi, E. (eds)"},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"689","article-title":"Excerpta Medica","year":"1988","unstructured":"Excerpta Medica, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, New York, Oxford, 1988, 689-690."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657708987958","article-title":"Beryllium in the environment","volume":"10","author":"Reeves, A.L.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Reeves, A.L. Beryllium in the environment. Clin Toxicol 1977, 10: 37-48.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90004-3","article-title":"Beryllium, an aetiological agent in the induction of lung cancer, non-neoplastic respiratory disease and heart disease among industrially exposed workers","volume":"21","author":"Wagner, J.K.; Infante, P.F.; Bayliss, D.L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wagner, J.K., Infante, P.F. & Bayliss, D.L. Beryllium, an aetiological agent in the induction of lung cancer, non-neoplastic respiratory disease and heart disease among industrially exposed workers. Environ Res 1980, 21: 15-34.","journal-title":"Environ Res"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-9351(80)90002-X","article-title":"Beryllium disease: A clinical perspective","volume":"21","author":"Hardy, H.L.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hardy, H.L. Beryllium disease: A clinical perspective. Environ Res 1980, 21: 1-9.","journal-title":"Environ Res"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/64\/753\/511\/50078424\/postgradmedj-64-511.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/64\/753\/511\/50078424\/postgradmedj-64-511.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T03:39:04Z","timestamp":1683257944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/64\/753\/511\/7063118"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"753","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.64.753.511","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1988,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1988,7,1]]}}}