{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T13:06:11Z","timestamp":1758632771999},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"764","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]],"date-time":"1989-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":612662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>An 8 year old prepubertal boy presented with raised intracranial pressure, left proptosis and was noted to have galactorrhoea. Cranial computerized tomography revealed a large pituitary tumour infiltrating the cavernous sinus and left orbit. The serum prolactin was 180,600 mU\/l (normal value less than 360 mU\/l). Prolactinomas are rare in children and galactorrhoea has not previously been reported in a prepubertal child. The management of massive prolactinomas is difficult, but the child presented has made an impressive response to a combination of treatment with surgery, dopamine agonist therapy and radiotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.65.764.403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:05:27Z","timestamp":1230584727000},"page":"403-406","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Massive prolactinoma with galactorrhoea in a prepubertal boy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"R J M","family":"Ross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"McEniery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Doniach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histopathology, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G M","family":"Besser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M O","family":"Savage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, St Bartholomew\u2019s Hospital , London ECIA 7BE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"60","key":"ref_1","first-page":"540","article-title":"Galactorrhoea following hypophysectomy in a boy with prolactinoma","volume":"1984","author":"Dandona, P.; Mohiuddin, J.; Lindsay, K.W.","unstructured":"Dandona, P., Mohiuddin, J. & Lindsay, K.W. Galactorrhoea following hypophysectomy in a boy with prolactinoma. Postgrad Med J 1984, 60: 540-541.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-45-4-825","article-title":"Hyperprolactinaemia as a cause of delayed puberty: successful treatment with bromocriptine","volume":"45","author":"Koenig, M.P.; Zuppinger, K.; Leichti, R.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Koenig, M.P., Zuppinger, K. & Leichti, R. Hyperprolactinaemia as a cause of delayed puberty: successful treatment with bromocriptine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1977, 45: 825-828.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1989.tb03734.x","article-title":"Prolactinomas presenting as primary amenorrhoea and delayed or arrested puberty: response to medical therapy","volume":"30","author":"Howlett, T.A.; Wass, J.A.H.; Grossman, A.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Howlett, T.A., Wass, J.A.H., Grossman, A. et al. Prolactinomas presenting as primary amenorrhoea and delayed or arrested puberty: response to medical therapy. Clin Endocrinol 1989 30: 131-140.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00455266","article-title":"Prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma in a 9-year-old boy","volume":"130","author":"Beck, W.; Stubbe, P.; Ludecke, D.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beck, W., Stubbe, P. & Ludecke, D. Prolactin-producing pituitary adenoma in a 9-year-old boy. Europ J Pediatr 1979, 130: 193-198.","journal-title":"Europ J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1982.tb01573.x","article-title":"Pituitary prolactinomas","volume":"17","author":"Nabarro, J.D.N.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Nabarro, J.D.N. Pituitary prolactinomas. Clin Endocrinol 1982, 17: 129-155.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"108","article-title":"Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactin-producing adenomas","volume-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc 1983, 58","author":"Randall, R.V.; Laws, E.R.; Abboud, C.; Ebersold, M.J.; Kao, P.C.; Scheithauer, B.W.","unstructured":"Randall, R.V., Laws, E.R., Abboud, C., Ebersold, M.J., Kao, P.C. & Scheithauer, B.W. Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of prolactin-producing adenomas. Mayo Clinic Proc 1983, 58: 108-121."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(77)81242-0","article-title":"Galactorrhoea in a 12-year-old boy with a chromophobe adenoma","volume":"90","author":"Van Meter, Q.L.; Gareis, F.J.; Hayes, J.W.; Wilson, C.B.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Van Meter, Q.L., Gareis, F.J., Hayes, J.W. & Wilson, C.B. Galactorrhoea in a 12-year-old boy with a chromophobe adenoma. J Pediatr 1977, 90: 756-759.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197703172961103","article-title":"Galactorrhoea: A study of 235 cases, including 48 with pituitary tumours","volume":"296","author":"Kleinberg, D.L.; Noel, G.L.; Frantz, A.G.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kleinberg, D.L., Noel, G.L. & Frantz, A.G. Galactorrhoea: A study of 235 cases, including 48 with pituitary tumours. N Engl J Med 1977, 296: 589-600.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"34","author":"Polak, J.M.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Polak, J.M. & Van Noorden, S. In: J.M. Polak & S. Van Noorden (eds) Immunocytochemistry Wright, PSH, Bristol, 1983, pp. 34-35."},{"issue":"22","key":"ref_10","first-page":"573","article-title":"Dramatic and rapid shrinkage of a massive invasive prolactinoma with bromocriptine: a case report","volume":"1985","author":"Clayton, R.N.; Webb, J.; Heath, D.A.; Dunn, P.J.S.; Rolfe, C.B.; Hockley, A.D.","unstructured":"Clayton, R.N., Webb, J., Heath, D.A., Dunn, P.J.S., Rolfe, C.B. & Hockley, A.D. Dramatic and rapid shrinkage of a massive invasive prolactinoma with bromocriptine: a case report. Clin Endocrinol 1985, 22: 573-581.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref_11","first-page":"227","article-title":"The relationship between serum prolactin and immunocytochemical staining for prolactin in patients with pituitary macroadenomas","volume":"1985","author":"Ross, R.J.M.; Grossman, A.; Bouloux, P.; Rees, L.H.; Doniach, I.; Besser, G.M.","unstructured":"Ross, R.J.M., Grossman, A., Bouloux, P., Rees, L.H., Doniach, I. & Besser, G.M. The relationship between serum prolactin and immunocytochemical staining for prolactin in patients with pituitary macroadenomas. Clin Endocrinol 1985, 23: 227-235.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-55-6-1178","article-title":"Human prolactin-producing adenomas and bromocriptine: a histological immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, and morphometric study","volume":"55","author":"Tindall, G.T.; Kovacs, K.; Horvath, E.; Thorner, M.O.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Tindall, G.T., Kovacs, K., Horvath, E. & Thorner, M.O. Human prolactin-producing adenomas and bromocriptine: a histological immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, and morphometric study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982, 55: 1178-1183.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"58","key":"ref_13","first-page":"268","article-title":"Bromocriptine treatment reduces the cell size in human macroprolactinomas: a morphometric study","volume":"1984","author":"Bassetti, M.; Spada, A.; Pezzo, G.; Giannattasio, G.","unstructured":"Bassetti, M., Spada, A., Pezzo, G. & Giannattasio, G. Bromocriptine treatment reduces the cell size in human macroprolactinomas: a morphometric study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1984, 58: 268-273.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1984.tb01385.x","article-title":"Hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor deficiency following cranial irradiation","volume":"21","author":"Ahmed, S.R.; Shalet, S.M.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Ahmed, S.R. & Shalet, S.M. Hypothalamic growth hormone releasing factor deficiency following cranial irradiation. Clin Endocrinol 1984, 21: 483-488.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1080025","article-title":"Cranial irradiation for cerebral and nasopharyngeal tumours in children: evidence for the production of a hypothalamic defect in growth hormone release","volume":"108","author":"Blacklay, A.; Grossman, A.; Ross, R.J.M.; Savage, M.O.; Davies, P.S.W.; Plowman, N.; Coy, D.H.; Besser, G.M.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Blacklay, A., Grossman, A., Ross, R.J.M., Savage, M.O., Davies, P.S.W., Plowman, N., Coy, D.H. & Besser, G.M. Cranial irradiation for cerebral and nasopharyngeal tumours in children: evidence for the production of a hypothalamic defect in growth hormone release. J Endocrinol 1986, 108: 25-29.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1980.tb01055.x","article-title":"Pituitary surgery for endocrine disorders","volume":"13","author":"Nabarro, J.D.N.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Nabarro, J.D.N. Pituitary surgery for endocrine disorders. Clin Endocrinol 1980, 13: 285-298.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6192.700","article-title":"Effects of bromocriptine on pituitary tumour size","volume":"2","author":"McGregor, A.M.; Scanlon, M.F.; Hall, R.; Hall, K.","year":"1979","unstructured":"McGregor, A.M., Scanlon, M.F., Hall, R. & Hall, K. Effects of bromocriptine on pituitary tumour size. Br Med J 1979, 2: 700-703.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"66","article-title":"Reduction of pituitary-tumour size in patients with prolactinomas and acromegaly treated with bromocriptine with or without radiotherapy","volume":"ii:","author":"Wass, J.A.H.; Moult, P.J.A.; Thorner, M.O.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wass, J.A.H., Moult, P.J.A., Thorner, M.O. et al. Reduction of pituitary-tumour size in patients with prolactinomas and acromegaly treated with bromocriptine with or without radiotherapy. Lancet 1979, ii: 66-69.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-51-3-438","article-title":"Rapid regression of pituitary prolactinoma during bromocriptine treatment","volume":"51","author":"Thorner, M.O.; Martin, W.H.; Rogol, A.D.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Thorner, M.O., Martin, W.H., Rogol, A.D. et al. Rapid regression of pituitary prolactinoma during bromocriptine treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980, 51: 438-445.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref_20","first-page":"679","article-title":"The effects ofdopamine agonist therapy on large functionless pituitary tumours","volume":"1985","author":"Grossman, A.; Ross, R.; Charlesworth, M.; Adams, C.B.T.; Wass, J.A.H.; Doniach, I.; Besser, G.M.","unstructured":"Grossman, A., Ross, R., Charlesworth, M., Adams, C.B.T., Wass, J.A.H., Doniach, I. & Besser, G.M. The effects ofdopamine agonist therapy on large functionless pituitary tumours. Clin Endocrinol 1985, 22: 679-686.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"288","key":"ref_21","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy","volume":"1984","author":"Grossmann, A.; Cohen, B.L.; Charlesworth, M.","unstructured":"Grossmann, A., Cohen, B.L., Charlesworth, M. et al. Treatment of prolactinomas with megavoltage radiotherapy. Br Med J 1984, 288: 1105-1109.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_22","first-page":"675","article-title":"The long-term effects of megavoltage radiotherapy as sole or combined therapy for large prolactinomas: studies with high definition computerized tomography","volume":"1986","author":"Johnston, D.G.; Hall, K.; Kendall-Taylor, P.","unstructured":"Johnston, D.G., Hall, K., Kendall-Taylor, P. et al. The long-term effects of megavoltage radiotherapy as sole or combined therapy for large prolactinomas: studies with high definition computerized tomography. Clin Endocrinol 1986, 24: 675-685.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/65\/764\/403\/50076518\/postgradmedj-65-403.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/65\/764\/403\/50076518\/postgradmedj-65-403.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T10:39:54Z","timestamp":1683196794000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/65\/764\/403\/7138663"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"764","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.65.764.403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1989,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,6,1]]}}}