{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:36:20Z","timestamp":1790649380566,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"771","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]],"date-time":"1990-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":631152000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The association between hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI), acromegaly and hyperprolactinaemia was investigated. Thirty six acromegalic patients, of whom 19 had hyperprolactinaemia, were compared with 36 randomly-selected, age-sex matched controls. There was a higher prevalence of HFI in the skull X-rays of the acromegalic cohort (P = 0.0002) when compared to the control group. This difference was apparent in both men (P = 0.01) and women (P = 0.01). Acromegalic patients with hyperprolactinaemia also expressed HFI in a higher proportion of individuals than the control group (P = 0.0001). Intra- and interobserver variability was assessed and concordance with 100% and 97% in the moderate and severe HFI sub-groups. The following sub-group analysis was undertaken: acromegalics and those acromegalics with hyperprolactinaemia were compared with the controls and a highly significant distinction was confirmed (P = 0.0007 and P = 0.00001 respectively). A relationship between HFI severity and the patient's age was noted in both male and female acromegalics. Also, the severity of HFI appeared related to disease duration in female acromegalics.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The cause of HFI remains unknown but appears to be strongly associated with acromegaly, particularly in the presence of co-existent hyperprolactinaemia. The association may have symptomatic significance and the presence of HFI should be confirmed or refuted in all patients with acromegaly.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.66.771.16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1230584463000},"page":"16-19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Hyperostosis frontalis interna, acromegaly and hyperprolactinaemia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"J D","family":"Fulton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stobhill General Hospital , Glasgow G21 2UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Shand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Stobhill General Hospital , Glasgow G21 2UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Stobhill General Hospital , Glasgow G21 2UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"McGhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Stobhill General Hospital , Glasgow G21 2UW, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"87","key":"ref_1","first-page":"1032","article-title":"Hyperostosis cranii in a normal population","volume":"1962","author":"Salmi, A.; Voutilainen, A.; Hoisti, L.R.","unstructured":"Salmi, A., Voutilainen, A., Hoisti, L.R. et al. Hyperostosis cranii in a normal population. Am J Roentgenol 1962, 87: 1032-1040.","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Plasma growth hormone level in the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Koev, D.; Milanov, S.; Koeva, L.; Sirakova, V.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Koev, D., Milanov, S., Koeva, L. & Sirakova, V. Plasma growth hormone level in the Morgagni-Stewart-Morel syndrome. Endocrinologie 1978, 16: 65-68.","journal-title":"Endocrinologie"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_3","first-page":"99","article-title":"New bone formation in acromegaly: pathogenic implications for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"1986","author":"Littlejohn, G.O.; Hall, S.; Brand, C.A.; Davidson, A.","unstructured":"Littlejohn, G.O., Hall, S., Brand, C.A. & Davidson, A. New bone formation in acromegaly: pathogenic implications for diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1986, 4: 99-104.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)91470-8","article-title":"Hyperostosis frontalis, galactorrhoea\/hyperprolactinaemia and Morgagni-StewartMorel syndrome","volume":"i:","author":"Pawlikowski, M.; Komorowski, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Pawlikowski, M. & Komorowski, J. Hyperostosis frontalis, galactorrhoea\/hyperprolactinaemia and Morgagni-StewartMorel syndrome. Lancet 1983, i: 474.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"189","article-title":"The acromegaly syndrome","volume":"202","author":"Jadresic, A.; Banks, L.M.; Child, D.F.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Jadresic, A., Banks, L.M., Child, D.F. et al. The acromegaly syndrome. Q J Med 1982, 202: 189-204.","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108816","article-title":"Estimation ofsomatomedin-C levels in normals and patients with pituitary disease by radioimmunoassay","volume":"60","author":"Furlanetto, R.W.; Underwood, L.E.; Van Wyk, J.J.; D'Ercole, A.J.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Furlanetto, R.W., Underwood, L.E., Van Wyk, J.J. & D'Ercole, A.J. Estimation ofsomatomedin-C levels in normals and patients with pituitary disease by radioimmunoassay. J Clin Invest 1977, 60: 648-657.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"48","key":"ref_7","first-page":"987","article-title":"Studies into various growth factors in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis","volume":"1981","author":"Littlejohn, G.O.; Herington, A.C.; Smythe, H.A.","unstructured":"Littlejohn, G.O., Herington, A.C. & Smythe, H.A. Studies into various growth factors in diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (D.I.S.H.) [Forestier's disease]. Rev Rhewnatol 1981, 48: 987 (Abstract).","journal-title":"H.) [Forestier's disease]. Rev Rhewnatol"},{"issue":"105","key":"ref_8","first-page":"238","article-title":"Conference. Pituitary tumours secreting growth hormone and prolactin","volume":"1986","author":"Melmed, S.; Braunstein, G.D.; Chang, R.J.; Becker, D.P.U.C.L.A.","unstructured":"Melmed, S., Braunstein, G.D., Chang, R.J. & Becker, D.P. U.C.L.A. Conference. Pituitary tumours secreting growth hormone and prolactin. Ann Intern Med 1986, 105: 238-253.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/66\/771\/16\/50076732\/postgradmedj-66-16.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/66\/771\/16\/50076732\/postgradmedj-66-16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T15:55:51Z","timestamp":1682697351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/66\/771\/16\/7061972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"771","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.66.771.16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1990,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,1,1]]}}}