{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T22:05:41Z","timestamp":1768082741346,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"779","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]],"date-time":"1990-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":652147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>We have encountered five cases of chronic iron deficiency anaemia due to bleeding from gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach). Two cases were associated with a lymphoma and in three cases there was evidence of portal hypertension. Two patients were treated conservatively by blood transfusions. The other patients required either surgery or tranexamic acid or endoscopic laser therapy to control the chronic haemorrhage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.66.779.720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1230584463000},"page":"720-723","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Gastric antral vascular ectasia (watermelon stomach)\u2014therapeutic options"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"R H R","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B J Z","family":"Danesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A G","family":"Howatson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F D","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R I","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow G31 2ER, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia associated with aortic valve disease: part of a spectrum of angiodysplasia","volume-title":"of the gut. Gastroenterology 1979","volume":"77","author":"Weaver, G.A.; Alper, H.D.; Davis, J.S.","unstructured":"Weaver, G.A., Alper, H.D., Davis, J.S. et al. Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia associated with aortic valve disease: part of a spectrum of angiodysplasia of the gut. Gastroenterology 1979, 77: 1-11."},{"issue":"87","key":"ref_2","first-page":"1165","article-title":"Gastric antral vascular ectasia: the watermelon stomach","volume":"1984","author":"Jabbari, M.; Cherry, R.; Lough, J.O.","unstructured":"Jabbari, M., Cherry, R., Lough, J.O. et al. Gastric antral vascular ectasia: the watermelon stomach. Gastroenterology 1984, 87: 1165-1170.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324744","article-title":"Abnormal blood vessels in the gastric antrum - a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding","volume":"24","author":"Wheeler, M.H.; Smith, P.M.; Cotton, P.B.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Wheeler, M.H., Smith, P.M., Cotton, P.B. et al. Abnormal blood vessels in the gastric antrum - a cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Dig Dis Sci 1979, 24: 155-158.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01308145","article-title":"Antral vascular lesion, achlorhydria, and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss","volume":"25","author":"Calam, J.; Walker, R.J.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Calam, J. & Walker, R.J. Antral vascular lesion, achlorhydria, and chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. Dig Dis Sci 1980, 25: 236-239.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"issue":"79","key":"ref_5","first-page":"46","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia, gastritis and antral vascular malformation","volume":"1986","author":"Cairns, H.S.; Rees, H.; Bevan, G.","unstructured":"Cairns, H.S., Rees, H. & Bevan, G. Iron deficiency anaemia, gastritis and antral vascular malformation. J R Soc Med 1986, 79: 46-47.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"144","key":"ref_6","first-page":"709","article-title":"Antral vascular ectasia the watermelon stomach","volume":"1986","author":"Rawlinson, W.D.; Barr, G.D.; Lin, B.P.C.","unstructured":"Rawlinson, W.D., Barr, G.D. & Lin, B.P.C. Antral vascular ectasia the watermelon stomach. Med J Aust 1986, 144: 709-711.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"38","key":"ref_7","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Watermelon stomach or antral gastritis","volume":"1985","author":"Gardiner, G.W.; Murray, D.; Prokipchut, E.J.","unstructured":"Gardiner, G.W., Murray, D. & Prokipchut, E.J. Watermelon stomach or antral gastritis. J Clin Pathol 1985, 38: 1317-1318.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"88","key":"ref_8","first-page":"1293","article-title":"Gastric antral vascular ectasia: the watermelon stomach","volume":"1985","author":"Tovey, F.I.","unstructured":"Tovey, F.I. Gastric antral vascular ectasia: the watermelon stomach. Gastroenterology 1985, 88: 1293.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"259","article-title":"Textbook of Gastroenterology","author":"Hunt, R.H.Angiodysplasia of the gut In; Bouchier, I.A.D.; Allan, R.N.; Hodgson, H.J.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hunt, R.H. Angiodysplasia of the gut. In: Bouchier, I.A.D., Allan, R.N., Hodgson, H.J.F. & Keighly, M.R.B. (eds) Textbook of Gastroenterology, 1st edition. Bailliere Tindall, London, 1984, p. 259.","edition":"1st edition"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"421","article-title":"Diffuse vascular ectasia of the gastric antrum","volume":"82","author":"Kruger, R.; Ryan, M.E.; Dickson, K.B.; Nunez, J.F.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kruger, R., Ryan, M.E., Dickson, K.B. & Nunez, J.F. Diffuse vascular ectasia of the gastric antrum. Am J Gastroenterol 1987, 82: 421-426.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(84)72326-1","article-title":"Diffuse antral vascular ectasia","volume":"30","author":"Lee, F.I.; Costello, F.; Flanagan, N.; Vasudev, K.S.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lee, F.I., Costello, F., Flanagan, N. & Vasudev, K.S. Diffuse antral vascular ectasia. Gastrointest Endosc 1984, 30 87-90.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_12","first-page":"118","article-title":"Gastritis with veno-capillary ectasia as a source ofmassive gastric haemorrhage","volume":"1953","author":"Rider, J.A.; Klotz, I.A.P.; Kirsner, J.B.","unstructured":"Rider, J.A., Klotz, I.A.P. & Kirsner, J.B. Gastritis with veno-capillary ectasia as a source ofmassive gastric haemorrhage. Gastroenterology 1953, 24: 118-123.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref_13","first-page":"386","article-title":"Angiodysplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract","volume":"1988","author":"Gilmore, P.R.","unstructured":"Gilmore, P.R. Angiodysplasia of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Clin Gastroenterol 1988, 10: 386-394.","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref_14","first-page":"139","article-title":"Antral vascular ectasia of cirrhosis: endoscopic laser therapy","volume":"1986","author":"Wolf, D.C.; Brooks, W.S.","unstructured":"Wolf, D.C. & Brooks, W.S. Antral vascular ectasia of cirrhosis: endoscopic laser therapy. Gastrointest Endosc 1986, 32: 139-140.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref_15","first-page":"134","article-title":"Treatment of a patient with watermelon stomach using transendoscopic laser photocoagulation","volume":"1988","author":"Frager, J.D.; Brandt, L.J.; Frank, M.S.; Moreck, R.","unstructured":"Frager, J.D., Brandt, L.J., Frank, M.S. & Moreck, R. Treatment of a patient with watermelon stomach using transendoscopic laser photocoagulation. Gastrointest Endosc 1988, 34: 134-137.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"34","key":"ref_16","first-page":"172","article-title":"Watermelon stomach, a true entity and a cause of gastrointestinal bleed","volume":"1988","author":"Attar, A.; Hellman, R.; Obial, G.","unstructured":"Attar, A., Hellman, R. & Obial, G. Watermelon stomach, a true entity and a cause of gastrointestinal bleed. Gastrointest Endosc 1988, 34: 172-173.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6590.93","article-title":"Endoscopic injection of alcohol for bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular abnormalities","volume":"295","author":"Rose, J.D.R.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rose, J.D.R. Endoscopic injection of alcohol for bleeding from gastrointestinal vascular abnormalities. Br Med J 1987, 295: 93-94.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(89)72802-9","article-title":"Heat probe treatment for antral vascular ectasia","volume":"35","author":"Petrini, J.L.; Johnston, J.H.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Petrini, J.L. & Johnston, J.H. Heat probe treatment for antral vascular ectasia. Gastrointest Endosc 1989, 35: 324-328.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(87)90579-8","article-title":"Gastric mucosal vasculopathy in portal hypertension","volume":"93","author":"Sarfeh, I.J.; Tarnawski, A.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sarfeh, I.J. & Tarnawski, A. Gastric mucosal vasculopathy in portal hypertension. Gastroenterology 1987, 93: 1129-1131.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/66\/779\/720\/50202871\/postgradmedj-66-720.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/66\/779\/720\/50202871\/postgradmedj-66-720.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T14:34:43Z","timestamp":1683210883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/66\/779\/720\/7062232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"779","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.66.779.720","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1990,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,9,1]]}}}