{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T21:30:51Z","timestamp":1757539851766},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"790","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]],"date-time":"1991-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":681004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.790.707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1230584463000},"page":"707-709","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Current views on aetiology and management of haemolytic uraemic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"M M","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health , 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M J","family":"Dillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Institute of Child Health , 30 Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"38","key":"ref_1","first-page":"905","article-title":"Hamolytisch uramische Syndrome: bilaterale Nierenenrindennekrosen bei akuten erworbenen hamolytischen Anamien","volume":"1955","author":"Gasser, C.; Gautier, E.; Steck, A.; Siebenmann, R.E.; Occhslin, R.","unstructured":"Gasser, C., Gautier, E., Steck, A., Siebenmann, R.E. & Occhslin, R. Hamolytisch uramische Syndrome: bilaterale Nierenenrindennekrosen bei akuten erworbenen hamolytischen Anamien. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1955, 38: 905-909.","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"296","key":"ref_2","first-page":"899","article-title":"Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in adults","volume":"1988","author":"White, D.J.; Yong, F.; McKendrick, M.W.","unstructured":"White, D.J., Yong, F. & McKendrick, M.W. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in adults. Br Med J 1988, 296: 899.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198712103172403","article-title":"A severe outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157: H7-associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home","volume":"317","author":"Carter, A.O.; Borczyk, A.A.; Carlson, J.A.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carter, A.O., Borczyk, A.A., Carlson, J.A.K. et al. A severe outbreak of Escherichia coli 0157:H7-associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home. N Engl J Med 1987, 317: 1496-1500.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"59","key":"ref_4","first-page":"397","article-title":"Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome","volume":"1984","author":"Levin, M.; Barratt, T.M.","unstructured":"Levin, M. & Barratt, T.M. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Arch Dis Child 1984, 59: 397-400.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(16)34216-X","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome: current concepts and management","volume":"29","author":"Fong, J.S.C.; de Chandarevian, J.-P.; Kaplan, B.S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fong, J.S.C., de Chandarevian, J.-P. & Kaplan, B.S. Hemolytic uremic syndrome: current concepts and management. Pediatr Clin North Am 1982, 29: 835-856.","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"312","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome - then and now","volume":"1985","author":"Drummond, K.M.","unstructured":"Drummond, K.M. Hemolytic uremic syndrome - then and now. N Engl J Med 1985, 312: 116-118.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_7","first-page":"148","article-title":"The hemolytic uremic syndrome ofchildhood and its variants","volume":"1987","author":"Kaplan, B.S.; Proesmans, W.","unstructured":"Kaplan, B.S. & Proesmans, W. The hemolytic uremic syndrome ofchildhood and its variants. Semin Hematol 1987,24: 148-160.","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1437","article-title":"Unravelling HUS (Editorial)","volume":"ii:","author":"Anonymous","year":"1987","unstructured":"Anonymous. Unravelling HUS (Editorial). Lancet 1987, ii: 1437-1439.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"619","article-title":"Sporadic cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools","volume":"i:","author":"Karmali, M.A.; Steele, B.T.; Petric, M.; Lim, C.","unstructured":"Karmali, M.A., Steele, B.T., Petric, M. & Lim, C. Sporadic cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome associated with faecal cytotoxin and cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stools. Lancet 1983, i: 619-620.","journal-title":"Lancet 1983"},{"issue":"151","key":"ref_10","first-page":"775","article-title":"The association between idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by verotoxinproducing Escherichia coli","volume":"1985","author":"Karmali, M.A.; Petric, M.; Lim, C.; Fleming, P.C.; Arbus, G.S.; Lior, H.","unstructured":"Karmali, M.A., Petric, M., Lim, C., Fleming, P.C., Arbus, G.S. & Lior, H. The association between idiopathic hemolytic uremic syndrome and infection by verotoxinproducing Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis 1985, 151: 775-782.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"286","key":"ref_11","first-page":"875","article-title":"Haemorrhagic colitis and Escherichia coli 0157: H7 - a pathogen unmasked","volume":"1988","author":"Symonds, J.","unstructured":"Symonds, J. Haemorrhagic colitis and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 - a pathogen unmasked. Br Med J 1988, 286: 875-876.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.65.7.722","article-title":"Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in the British Isles, 1985-1988; association with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Part 2, microbiological aspects","volume":"65","author":"Kleanthous, H.; Smith, H.R.; Scotland, S.M.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kleanthous, H., Smith, H.R., Scotland, S.M. et al. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome in the British Isles, 1985-1988; association with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli Part 2, microbiological aspects. Arch Dis Child 1990, 65: 722-727.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"885","article-title":"The distinct toxins active on vero cells from Escherichia coli 0157","volume":"ii:","author":"Scotland, S.M.; Smith, H.; Rowe, B.","unstructured":"Scotland, S.M., Smith, H. & Rowe, B. The distinct toxins active on vero cells from Escherichia coli 0157. Lancet 1985, ii: 885-886.","journal-title":"Lancet 1985"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(87)80405-5","article-title":"Risk factors for development of hemolytic uremic syndrome during shigellosis","volume":"110","author":"Butler, T.; Islam, M.; Azad, M.; Jones, P.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Butler, T., Islam, M., Azad, M. & Jones, P. Risk factors for development of hemolytic uremic syndrome during shigellosis. J Pediatr 1987, 110: 894-897.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.51.2.206-220.1987","article-title":"Shiga and Shiga-like toxins","volume":"51","author":"O'Brien, A.D.; Holmes, R.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"O'Brien, A.D. & Holmes, R.K. Shiga and Shiga-like toxins. Microbiol Rev 1987, 51: 206-220.","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"160","key":"ref_16","first-page":"1767","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhoea. lX. Simplified high yield purification of Shigella toxin and characterisation of subunit composition and function by the use of specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies","volume":"1984","author":"Donohue-Rolfe, A.; Keusch, G.T.; Edson, C.","unstructured":"Donohue-Rolfe, A., Keusch, G.T., Edson, C. et al. Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhoea. lX. Simplified high yield purification of Shigella toxin and characterisation of subunit composition and function by the use of specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. JExp Med 1984, 160: 1767-1781.","journal-title":"JExp Med"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8834","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47490-X","article-title":"Glycolipid binding of purified and recombinant Escherichia coli produced verotoxin in vitro","volume":"262","author":"Lingwood, C.A.; Law, H.; Richardson, S.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lingwood, C.A., Law, H., Richardson, S. et al. Glycolipid binding of purified and recombinant Escherichia coli produced verotoxin in vitro. J Biol Chem 1987, 262: 8834-8839.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.51.2.206-220.1987","article-title":"Shiga and shiga-like toxins","volume":"51","author":"O'Brien, A.D.; Holmes, R.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"O'Brien, A.D. & Holmes, R.K. Shiga and shiga-like toxins. Microbiol Rev 1987, 51: 206-220.","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)90801-U","article-title":"Serological identification of Escherichia coli 0157: H7 infection in haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"337","author":"Chart, H.; Smith, H.R.; Scotland, S.M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Chart, H., Smith, H.R., Scotland, S.M. et al. Serological identification of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infection in haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet 1991, 337: 138-140.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_20","article-title":"Cytopathic effect of verotoxin on endotheial cells","author":"Kavi, J.; Chant, I.; Maris, M.; Rose, P.E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kavi, J., Chant, I., Maris, M. & Rose, P.E. Cytopathic effect of verotoxin on endotheial cells. Lancet 1987, ii: 1035.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"687","article-title":"Pathogenesis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"ii:","author":"Obrig, T.G.; Del Vecchia, P.J.; Karmali, M.A.; Petric, M.; Moran, T.R.; Judge, T.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Obrig, T.G., Del Vecchia, P.J., Karmali, M.A., Petric, M., Moran, T.R. & Judge, T.K. Pathogenesis of haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet 1987, ii: 687.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref_22","first-page":"88","article-title":"Mitomycin-induced haemolytic-uraemic kidney. An experimental model in the rat","volume":"1985","author":"Cattell, V.","unstructured":"Cattell, V. Mitomycin-induced haemolytic-uraemic kidney. An experimental model in the rat. Am J Pathol 1985, 12: 88-95.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"1244","article-title":"Mitomycin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome: case presentation and review of literature","volume":"66","author":"Rabadi, S.J.; Klaendekar, J.D.; Miller, H.J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rabadi, S.J., Klaendekar, J.D. & Miller, H.J. Mitomycin induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome: case presentation and review of literature. Cancer Treat Rep 1982, 66: 1244-1247.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1159\/000185333","article-title":"Successful treatment of mitomycin C-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome by plasmapheresis","volume":"51","author":"Garibotto, G.; Acquarone, N.; Saffioti, S.; Deferrari, G.; Villaggio, B.; Ferrario, F.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Garibotto, G., Acquarone, N., Saffioti, S., Deferrari, G., Villaggio, B. & Ferrario, F. Successful treatment of mitomycin C-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome by plasmapheresis. Nephron 1989, 51: 409-412.","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(79)80765-9","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal sepsis","volume":"95","author":"Moorthy, B.; Makker, S.P.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Moorthy, B. & Makker, S.P. Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal sepsis. J Pediatr 1979, 95: 558-559.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3109\/15513818309025872","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase producing pneumococci: an emerging problem?","volume":"1","author":"Novak, R.W.; Martin, C.R.; Orsini, E.N.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Novak, R.W., Martin, C.R. & Orsini, E.N. Hemolytic uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase producing pneumococci: an emerging problem? Pediatr Pathol 1983, 1: 409-413.","journal-title":"Pediatr Pathol"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(81)80844-5","article-title":"Pediatric surgical patients with severe anaerobic infection: report of 16 Tantigen positive cases and possible hazards of blood transfusion","volume":"16","author":"Seges, R.A.; Kenny, A.; Bird, A.W.G.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Seges, R.A., Kenny, A., Bird, A.W. G. et al. Pediatric surgical patients with severe anaerobic infection: report of 16 Tantigen positive cases and possible hazards of blood transfusion. J Pediatr Surg 1981, 16: 905-910.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190120","article-title":"Neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Sheth, K.J.; Swick, H.M.; Haworth, N.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sheth, K.J., Swick, H.M. & Haworth, N. Neurological involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Ann Neurol 1986, 19: 90-93.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.65.1.115","article-title":"The importance of nonrenal involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Upadhyaya, K.; Barwick, K.; Fishaut, M.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Upadhyaya, K., Barwick, K. & Fishaut, M. The importance of nonrenal involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatrics 1980, 65: 115-120.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1177\/000992288702601208","article-title":"Reversal ofcentral nervous system involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome by use of plasma exchanges","volume":"26","author":"Sheth, K.J.; Leichter, H.E.; Gill, J.C.etal","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sheth, K.J., Leichter, H.E., Gill, J.C. etal. Reversal ofcentral nervous system involvement in hemolytic uremic syndrome by use of plasma exchanges. Clin Pediatr 1987, 26: 651-656.","journal-title":"Clin Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.58.2.101","article-title":"Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in childhood: analysis of prognostic features","volume":"58","author":"Trompeter, R.S.; Schwartz, R.; Chantler, C.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Trompeter, R.S., Schwartz, R., Chantler, C. et al. Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in childhood: analysis of prognostic features. Arch Dis Child 1983, 58: 101-105.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00442990","article-title":"The haemolytic uraemic syndrome in childhood: a study of the long-tern prognosis","volume":"136","author":"Binda ki Muaka, P.; Proesmans, W.; Eeckels, R.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Binda ki Muaka, P., Proesmans, W. & Eeckels, R. The haemolytic uraemic syndrome in childhood: a study of the long-tern prognosis. Eur J Pediatr 1981, 136: 237-243.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"407","article-title":"The use of heparin in childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume-title":"Hemostasis Prostaglandins and Renal Disease","author":"Proesmans, W.; Binda ki Muaka, P.; Van Damme, B.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Proesmans, W., Binda ki Muaka, P., Van Damme, B. et al. The use of heparin in childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome. In: Remuzzi, G., Mecca, G., De Gaetano, G. (eds) Hemostasis Prostaglandins and Renal Disease. Raven Press, New York, 1980, pp. 407-411."},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"45","article-title":"Coagulation studies and streptokinase therapy in hemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Monnens, L.; Kleynen, F.; van Munster, P.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Monnens, L., Kleynen, F., van Munster, P. et al. Coagulation studies and streptokinase therapy in hemolytic uraemic syndrome. Helv Pediatr Acta 1972, 21: 45-54.","journal-title":"Helv Pediatr Acta"},{"issue":"112","key":"ref_35","first-page":"284","article-title":"Plasma infusion for hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: results of a multicenter controlled trial","volume":"1988","author":"Rizzoni, G.; Claris-Appiani, A.; Edefonti, A.","unstructured":"Rizzoni, G., Claris-Appiani, A., Edefonti, A. et al. Plasma infusion for hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: results of a multicenter controlled trial. J Pediatr 1988, 112: 284-290.","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"2","article-title":"Treatment of the childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome with plasma: a multicentre randomized controlled trial","volume":"1988","author":"Loirat, C.; Sonsino, E.; Hinglaus, N.; Jais, J.P.; Landais, P.; Fermanian, J.","unstructured":"Loirat, C., Sonsino, E., Hinglaus, N., Jais, J.P., Landais, P. & Fermanian, J. Treatment of the childhood haemolytic uraemic syndrome with plasma: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Nephrol 1988, 2: 279-285.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00852893","article-title":"The polymorphonuclear count in childhood hemolytic uraemic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Walters, M.D.; Matthei, U.; Jay, R.; Dillon, M.J.; Barratt, T.M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Walters, M.D., Matthei, U., Jay, R., Dillon, M.J. & Barratt, T.M. The polymorphonuclear count in childhood hemolytic uraemic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 1989, 3: 130-134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197505222922102","article-title":"Haemolytic uremic syndrome in families","volume":"292","author":"Kaplan, B.S.; Chesney, R.W.; Drummond, K.N.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Kaplan, B.S., Chesney, R.W. & Drummond, K.N. Haemolytic uremic syndrome in families. N EnglJ Med 1975, 292: 1090-1093.","journal-title":"N EnglJ Med"},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"495","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome with recurrent episodes: an important subset","volume":"8","author":"Kaplan, B.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kaplan, B.S. Hemolytic uremic syndrome with recurrent episodes: an important subset. Clin Nephrol 1977, 8: 495-498.","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"312","article-title":"Plasma therapy for thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"1985","author":"Aster, R.H.","unstructured":"Aster, R.H. Plasma therapy for thrombocytopenic purpura. N Engl J Med 1985, 312: 985-987.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/67\/790\/707\/50075469\/postgradmedj-67-707.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/67\/790\/707\/50075469\/postgradmedj-67-707.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,23]],"date-time":"2023-05-23T06:38:56Z","timestamp":1684823936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/67\/790\/707\/7061854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"790","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.67.790.707","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1991,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,8,1]]}}}