{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:06:09Z","timestamp":1791867969279,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"793","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,11,1]],"date-time":"1991-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":688953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A pilot study of 31 consecutive alcohol-related deaths over an 8-month period revealed the presence of histologically diagnosed Wernicke's encephalopathy in 17 cases. Analysis of the clinical records revealed that a disturbance of the mental state was the commonest finding and neurological signs were present in only 2 of the 17 cases (ataxia 1, peripheral neuropathy 1). Analysis of 22 ward admissions for Wernicke's encephalopathy during the same 8-month period revealed that the diagnosis is easily made when neurological deficits (ophthalmoplegia, ataxia) accompany mental changes and when Wernicke's encephalopathy is the predominant illness.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>In patients with established alcohol-related disease attention is often directed to the presenting illness so that Wernicke's encephalopathy may easily be overlooked as a cause of deterioration in the mental state in these patients. It is recommended that routine management of patients with alcohol-related disease should include thiamine even if neurological signs are absent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.67.793.978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1230584463000},"page":"978-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Wernicke's encephalopathy and alcohol-related disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"D P","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Natal, Medical School , Durban, Republic of South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Bramdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Natal, Medical School , Durban, Republic of South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of Natal, Medical School , Durban, Republic of South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1991,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(82)90145-9","article-title":"Brain lesions in alcoholics: a neuropathological study with clinical correlations","volume":"56","author":"Torvik, A.; Lindboe, C.F.; Rodge, S.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Torvik, A., Lindboe, C.F. & Rodge, S. Brain lesions in alcoholics: a neuropathological study with clinical correlations. J Neurol Sci 1982, 56: 233-248.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1159\/000114622","article-title":"Underlying illness in Wernicke's encephalopathy: analysis of possible causes of underdiagnosis","volume":"12","author":"Ebels, E.J.","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ebels, E.J. Underlying illness in Wernicke's encephalopathy: analysis of possible causes of underdiagnosis. Europ Neurol 1974, 12: 226-228.","journal-title":"Europ Neurol"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref_3","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Changing incidence, distribution and histopathology of Wernicke's polioencephalopathy","volume":"1969","author":"Grunnet, M.L.","unstructured":"Grunnet, M.L. Changing incidence, distribution and histopathology of Wernicke's polioencephalopathy. Neurology (Minneap) 1969, 19: 1135-1139.","journal-title":"Neurology (Minneap)"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(79)90414-8","article-title":"Drinking problems. Putting the Third World on the map","volume":"ii:","author":"Edwards, G.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Edwards, G. Drinking problems. Putting the Third World on the map. Lancet 1979, ii: 402-404.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"27","article-title":"Ethanol, thiamine and brain damage","volume":"18","author":"Thomson, A.D.; Ryle, R.R.; Shaw, G.K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Thomson, A.D., Ryle, R.R. & Shaw, G.K. Ethanol, thiamine and brain damage. Alcohol Alcoholism 1983, 18: 27-43.","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcoholism"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"55","article-title":"Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies","volume":"717","author":"Thomson, A.D.; Jeyasingham, M.D.Pratt; E., O.; Shaw, G.K.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Thomson, A.D., Jeyasingham, M.D. Pratt, O.E. & Shaw, G.K. Nutrition and alcoholic encephalopathies. Acta Med Scand 1987, (Suppl 717): 55-65.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"341 -345","key":"ref_7","article-title":"Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy","volume":"49","author":"Harper, C.G.; Giles, M.; Finlay-Jones, R.","unstructured":"Harper, C.G., Giles, M. & Finlay-Jones, R. Clinical signs in the Wernicke-Korsakoff complex: a retrospective analysis of 131 cases diagnosed at necropsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986, 49: 341 -345.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"The Wernicke KorsakoffSyndrome. A clinical and pathological study of245 cases, 82 with postmortem examinations","author":"Victor, M.; Adams, R.D.; Collins, G.F.","year":"1971","unstructured":"Victor, M., Adams, R.D. & Collins, G.F. The Wernicke KorsakoffSyndrome. A clinical and pathological study of245 cases, 82 with postmortem examinations. F.A. Davis, Philadelphia, 1971."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.52.2.282","article-title":"The prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney, Australia: a prospective necropsy study","volume":"52","author":"Harper, C.; Gold, J.; Rodriguez, M.; Perdices, M.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Harper, C., Gold, J., Rodriguez, M. & Perdices, M. The prevalence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in Sydney, Australia: a prospective necropsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989, 52: 282-285.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.45.11.984","article-title":"The relationship between brain and liver damage in chronic alcoholic patients","volume":"45","author":"Acker, W.; Aps, E.J.; Majumdar, S.K.; Shaw, G.K.; Thomson, A.D.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Acker, W., Aps, E.J., Majumdar, S.K., Shaw, G.K. & Thomson, A.D. The relationship between brain and liver damage in chronic alcoholic patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1982, 45: 984-987.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"144","key":"ref_11","first-page":"12","article-title":"Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics and outcome","volume":"1986","author":"Wood, B.; Curne, J.; Breen, K.","unstructured":"Wood, B., Curne, J. & Breen, K. Wernicke's encephalopathy in a metropolitan hospital. A prospective study of incidence, characteristics and outcome. Med J Aust 1986, 144: 12-16.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"107","volume-title":"Vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism. Proc Nutr Soc 1955","volume":"14","author":"Sinclair, H.M.","unstructured":"Sinclair, H.M. Vitamin deficiencies in alcoholism. Proc Nutr Soc 1955, 14: 107-119."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref_13","first-page":"510","article-title":"Wernicke's encephalopathy. A clinical and pathological study of 28 autopsied cases","volume":"1981","author":"Cravioto, H.; Karein, J.; Silberman, J.","unstructured":"Cravioto, H., Karein, J. & Silberman, J. Wernicke's encephalopathy. A clinical and pathological study of 28 autopsied cases. 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