{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T22:54:07Z","timestamp":1785711247294,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"795","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]],"date-time":"1992-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":694224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The case of a 17 year old abuser of butane aerosols who developed fulminant hepatic failure after taking a proprietary engine or carburetor cleaner is described. Fatalities as a result of liver failure due to volatile hydrocarbons or solvents have not previously been reported. The likely toxins included isopropyl alcohol, methyl amyl alcohol, butylated hydroxytoluene as well as petroleum products, and evidence for their toxicity is reviewed. The possibility of increased susceptibility to hepatotoxins after enzyme induction by abuse of volatile agents is discussed. Hepatic dysfunction should be sought in patients who abuse solvents or volatile hydrocarbons and supportive measures instituted promptly when required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.68.795.29","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1230584463000},"page":"29-30","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Fatal fulminant hepatic failure in a 'solvent abuser'"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"A S","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Department, City Hospital , Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R G","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Department, City Hospital , Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6718.135","article-title":"Solvent abuse","volume":"300","author":"Ashton, C.H.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ashton, C.H. Solvent abuse. Br Med J 1990, 300: 135-136.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6742.41","article-title":"Increase in deaths from deliberate inhalation of fuel gases and pressurised aerosols","volume":"301","author":"Anderson, H.R.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Anderson, H.R. Increase in deaths from deliberate inhalation of fuel gases and pressurised aerosols. Br MedJ 1990, 301: 41.","journal-title":"Br MedJ"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"307","article-title":"Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System","author":"Sherlock, S.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sherlock, S. Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System. 7th ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1985, pp. 307-310.","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"1069","article-title":"Acute renal failure","volume-title":"Pathology ofthe Kidney","author":"Solez, K.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Solez, K. Acute renal failure. In: Heptinstall, R.H. (ed.). Pathology ofthe Kidney, 3rd ed. Little, Brown & Co, Boston, 1983, pp. 1069-1148.","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1982.tb03202.x","article-title":"Liver injury in subjects occupationally exposed to chemicals in low doses","volume":"212","author":"Sotaniemi, E.A.; Sutinen, S.; Sutinen, S.; Arranto, A.J.; Pelkonen, R.O.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Sotaniemi, E.A., Sutinen, S., Sutinen, S., Arranto, A.J. & Pelkonen, R.O. Liver injury in subjects occupationally exposed to chemicals in low doses. Acta Med Scand 1982, 212: 207-215.","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5752.29","article-title":"Hepatorenal damage from toluene in 'a glue sniffer'","volume":"2","author":"O'Brien, E.T.; Yeoman, W.B.; Hobby, J.A.E.","year":"1971","unstructured":"O'Brien, E.T., Yeoman, W.B. & Hobby, J.A.E. 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J Fla Med Assoc 1981, 68: 823-824.","journal-title":"J Fla Med Assoc"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.28.5.507","article-title":"Acute and chronic progressive encephalopathy due to gasoline sniffing","volume":"28","author":"Valpey, R.; Sami, S.M.; Copass, M.K.; Gobler, G.T.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Valpey, R., Sami, S.M., Copass, M.K. & Gobler, G.T. Acute and chronic progressive encephalopathy due to gasoline sniffing. Neurology 1978, 28: 507-510.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-199005050-00005","article-title":"An introduction to the clinical toxicology of volatile substances","volume":"5","author":"Flanagan, R.J.; Ruprah, M.; Meredith, T.J.; Ramsey, J.D.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Flanagan, R.J., Ruprah, M., Meredith, T.J. & Ramsey, J.D. An introduction to the clinical toxicology of volatile substances. 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