{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:02:48Z","timestamp":1781935368276,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"807","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The direct urease test was used in 462 patients with normal upper digestive tracts, 108 with duodenal ulcers and 43 with gastric ulcers who attended for upper digestive endoscopy in a prospective study. There was a strong association between Helicobacter pylori infection and current cigarette smoking in patients with normal endoscopy (49.6% vs 35.5%, P &amp;lt; 0.01). The associations of peptic ulcer both with H. pylori infection and cigarette smoking were also confirmed.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The excess of peptic ulcer disease in cigarette smokers may be explained by their increased susceptibility to H. pylori infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.807.41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1230585921000},"page":"41-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Cigarette smoking and <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Malcolm C","family":"Bateson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital , Bishop Auckland, County Durham DL14 6AD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.42.4.241","article-title":"Immune and inflammatory function in cigarette smokers","volume":"42","author":"Holt, P.G.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Holt, P.G. 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