{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T23:16:54Z","timestamp":1722899814565},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"807","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]],"date-time":"1993-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":725846400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the neurovascular structures are compressed as they traverse the thoracic outlet. Degenerative changes can occur in the subclavian artery and the vessel may become a source of embolism with the risk of acute or chronic upper limb ischaemia. Rarely, distal thromboembolism in the thoracic outlet syndrome may be associated with retrograde flow when there is the added risk of cerebral thromboembolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.69.807.65","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1230585921000},"page":"65-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cervical ribs: a cause of distal and cerebral embolism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"P","family":"Bearn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofSurgery, Guy's Hospital , London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofSurgery, Guy's Hospital , London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W R","family":"O'Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department ofSurgery, Guy's Hospital , London SE1 9RT, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1993,1,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"207","key":"ref_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Thoracic and vascular aspects of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"1986","author":"Riddell, D.H.; Smith, B.M.","unstructured":"Riddell, D.H. & Smith, B.M. Thoracic and vascular aspects of thoracic outlet syndrome. Clin Orthop Rel Res 1986, 207: 31-36.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Rel Res"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1976.01360250055011","article-title":"Vascular manifestations of the thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Martin, J.; Gaspard, D.J.; Johnston, P.W.; Kohl, R.; Dietrick, W.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Martin, J., Gaspard, D.J., Johnston, P.W., Kohl, R. & Dietrick, W. Vascular manifestations of the thoracic outlet syndrome. Arch Surg 1976, 111: 779-782.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"214","article-title":"Arterial thromboembolism of the upper extremity associated with the thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Haimovici, H.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Haimovici, H. Arterial thromboembolism of the upper extremity associated with the thoracic outlet syndrome. J Cardiovasc Surg 1982, 23: 214-220.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"547","article-title":"Unilateral Raynaud's phenomenon in the hand and its significance","volume":"82","author":"Bouhoutsos, J.; Morris, T.; Martin, P.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bouhoutsos, J., Morris, T. & Martin, P. Unilateral Raynaud's phenomenon in the hand and its significance. Surgery 1977, 82: 547-551.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"133","key":"ref_5","first-page":"588","article-title":"Subclavius and anterior scalenus muscle compression as a cause of intermittent obstruction of the subclavian vein","volume":"1951","author":"McCleery, R.S.; Kesterton, J.E.; Kirtley, J.A.; Love, R.B.","unstructured":"McCleery, R.S., Kesterton, J.E., Kirtley, J.A. & Love, R.B. Subclavius and anterior scalenus muscle compression as a cause of intermittent obstruction of the subclavian vein. 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Cerebral and peripheral emboli caused by cervical ribs. Br Med J 1963, ii: 825-837.","journal-title":"Br Med J 1963"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"1044","article-title":"Retrograde cerebral embolism","volume":"17","author":"Prior, A.L.; Wilson, L.A.; Gosling, R.G.; Yates, A.K.; Russell, R.R.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Prior, A.L., Wilson, L.A., Gosling, R.G., Yates, A.K. & Russell, R.R. Retrograde cerebral embolism. Lancet 1979, 17: 1044-1047.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(89)90085-2","article-title":"Arterial complications of the thoracic outlet syndrome: fifty-five operative cases","volume":"9","author":"Cormier, J.M.; Amrane, M.; Ward, A.; Laurian, C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cormier, J.M., Amrane, M., Ward, A. & Laurian, C. Arterial complications of the thoracic outlet syndrome: fifty-five operative cases. J Vasc Surg 1989, 9: 778-787.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref_11","first-page":"153","article-title":"Presidential address: research and prosearch","volume":"1962","author":"Clagett, O.T.","unstructured":"Clagett, O.T. Presidential address: research and prosearch. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1962, 44: 153-166.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"95","key":"ref_12","first-page":"645","article-title":"Staging of arterial complications of cervical rib: guidelines for surgical management","volume":"1984","author":"Scher, L.A.; Veith, F.J.; Haimovici, H.","unstructured":"Scher, L.A., Veith, F.J. & Haimovici, H. Staging of arterial complications of cervical rib: guidelines for surgical management. Surgery 1984, 95: 645-649.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"531","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome with vascular complications","volume":"20","author":"Heyden, B.; Vollmar, J.","year":"1979","unstructured":"Heyden, B. & Vollmar, J. Thoracic outlet syndrome with vascular complications. J Cardiovasc Surg 1979, 20: 531-536.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"163","key":"ref_14","first-page":"354","article-title":"Transaxillary approach for first rib resection to relieve thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"1966","author":"Roos, D.B.","unstructured":"Roos, D.B. Transaxillary approach for first rib resection to relieve thoracic outlet syndrome. Ann Surg 1966, 163: 354-358.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"634","article-title":"Subclavicular approach to first rib resection","volume":"139","author":"Murphy, T.O.; Piper, C.A.; Kanar, E.A.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Murphy, T.O., Piper, C.A. & Kanar, E.A. Subclavicular approach to first rib resection. Am J Surg 1980, 139: 634-636. Correspondence: H.F.K. Chiu, M.R.C.Psych. Accepted: 1 June 1992 abnormalities, a movement disturbance of parkinsonian and\/or choreoathetoid type and dense calcification of the basal ganglia.' Its aetiology is unknown but it is familial in some cases.23 Other causes associated with calcification of the basal","journal-title":"Am J Surg; abnormalities, a movement disturbance of parkinsonian and\/or choreoathetoid type and dense calcification of the basal ganglia.' 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