{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,13]],"date-time":"2024-05-13T07:18:26Z","timestamp":1715584706467},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"837","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]],"date-time":"1995-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":804556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Prosthetic valve thrombogenicity and bleeding complications associated with life-long anticoagulation are constant potential causes of morbidity and mortality following prosthetic valve implantation. The conflict between over- and under-anticoagulation is even more of a problem when other surgical interventions are required. Very few clinical trials have addressed this issue. We propose some guidelines based on the concept of risk-adjusted intensity of anticoagulation but stress the need for caution with interpretation of these recommendations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.837.390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1230585921000},"page":"390-392","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The management of anticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing non-cardiac operations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"W J","family":"Busuttil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiothoracic Centre , Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B M","family":"Fabri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Cardiothoracic Centre , Thomas Drive, Liverpool L14 3PE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Thromboembolic events in prosthetic valve recipients: What is the safe level of anticoagulation?","volume":"2","author":"Acar, J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Acar J. Thromboembolic events in prosthetic valve recipients: What is the safe level of anticoagulation? (editorial) J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2: 395-7.","journal-title":"(editorial) J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(78)90080-7","article-title":"The management of anticoagulation during non cardiac operations in patients with prosthetic heart values: a prospective study","volume":"96","author":"Katholi, R.E.; Nolan, S.P.; McGuire, L.B.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Katholi RE, Nolan SP, McGuire LB. The management of anticoagulation during non cardiac operations in patients with prosthetic heart values: a prospective study. Am Heart J 1978; 96: 163-5.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref_3","article-title":"Cardiac complications after subsequent non cardiac operations in patients with non-biological prosthetic heart values","volume-title":"Eur Heartl","volume":"4","author":"Darman, D.; Enriquez-Sarano, M.; Acar, J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"Darman D, Enriquez-Sarano M, Acar J. Cardiac complications after subsequent non cardiac operations in patients with non-biological prosthetic heart values. Eur Heartl 1983; 4 (suppl 1)."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"398","article-title":"Ad Hoc Committee of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for prevention ofthromboembolic events in valvular heart disease","volume":"2","year":"1993","unstructured":"Ad Hoc Committee of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Disease, European Society of Cardiology. Guidelines for prevention ofthromboembolic events in valvular heart disease. J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2: 398-410.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"132","article-title":"Thromboembolic complications of rheumatic heart disease","volume":"5","author":"Abernathy, W.A.S.; Willis, P.W.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Abernathy WAS, Willis PW. Thromboembolic complications of rheumatic heart disease. Valvular Heart Dis 1973; 5: 132.","journal-title":"Valvular Heart Dis"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"1393","article-title":"Systemic embolisation in mitral stenosis","volume":"26","author":"Coulshed, N.; Epstein, E.J.; Wacker, E.; Galloway, R.W.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Coulshed N, Epstein EJ, Wacker E, Galloway RW. Systemic embolisation in mitral stenosis. Br Heart J 1964; 26: 1393.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)63816-7","article-title":"Thrombotic and bleeding complications of prosthetic heart valves","volume":"44","author":"LH, Jr, Edmunds","year":"1987","unstructured":"Edmunds LH Jr. Thrombotic and bleeding complications of prosthetic heart valves. Ann Thorac Surg 1987; 44: 430-45.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Adjusting anticoagulation to prosthesis thrombogenicity and patient risk factors","author":"Butchart, E.G.; Lewis, P.A.; Bethal, J.A.; Breckenridge, I.M.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Butchart EG, Lewis PA, Bethal JA, Breckenridge IM. Adjusting anticoagulation to prosthesis thrombogenicity and patient risk factors. Circulation 1991; 84 (suppl III): II1-61-I11-69.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"587","article-title":"Randomisierter vergleich zweier dosieungsstarken zur oralen antikoagulantientherapie nach bioklappenersatz","volume":"2","author":"Turpie, A.G.G.; Gunstensen, J.; Hirsh, J.; Nelson, H.; Gent, M.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Turpie AGG, Gunstensen J, Hirsh J, Nelson H, Gent M. Randomisierter vergleich zweier dosieungsstarken zur oralen antikoagulantientherapie nach bioklappenersatz. Lancet 1988; 2, 587-90.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40105-0","article-title":"Comparison of two levels of anticoagulation therapy in patients with substitute heart valves","volume":"72","author":"Altman, R.; Rouvier, J.; Gurfinkel, E.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Altman R, Rouvier J, Gurfinkel E, et al. Comparison of two levels of anticoagulation therapy in patients with substitute heart valves. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1976; 72: 127-9.","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"428","article-title":"Trial ofdifferent intensities ofanticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves","volume":"332","author":"Saour, J.N.; Sieck, J.O.; Mamo, L.A.R.; Gallus, A.S.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saour JN, Sieck JO, Mamo LAR, Gallus AS. Trial ofdifferent intensities ofanticoagulation in patients with prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 1990; 332: 428-32.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"291","article-title":"Unexpected findings concerning thromboembolic complications and anticoagulation after complete ten year follow up of patients with St Jude Medical prostheses","volume":"2","author":"Horstkotte, D.; Schulte, H.D.; Bircks, W.; Strauer, B.E.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Horstkotte D, Schulte HD, Bircks W, Strauer BE. Unexpected findings concerning thromboembolic complications and anticoagulation after complete ten year follow up of patients with St Jude Medical prostheses. J Heart Valve Dis 1993; 2: 291-301.","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"issue":"67-76","key":"ref_13","first-page":"33","article-title":"Low risk of thrombosis and serious embolic events despite low intensity of anticoagulation. Experience with 1004 Medronic Hall valves","volume":"78","author":"Butchart, E.G.; Lewis, P.A.; Grukemeier, G.L.; Kulatilake, N.; Breckenridge, I.","year":"1984","unstructured":"Butchart EG, Lewis PA, Grukemeier GL, Kulatilake N, Breckenridge I. Low risk of thrombosis and serious embolic events despite low intensity of anticoagulation. Experience with 1004 Medronic Hall valves. Circulation 1988; 78: suppl I: 67-76. 14 Acar J, Enriquez-Sarano M, Farah E, Kassab R, Tubian P, Roger V. Recurrent systemic embolic events with valve prosthesis. Eur HeartJ 1984; 5 (suppl D): 33-8.","journal-title":"Circulation; Recurrent systemic embolic events with valve prosthesis"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1978.03280350062016","article-title":"Discontinuing anticoagulant therapy in surgical patients with cardiac valve prostheses: observations in 180 patients","volume":"239","author":"Tinker, T.H.; Taraham, S.","year":"1978","unstructured":"Tinker TH, Taraham S. Discontinuing anticoagulant therapy in surgical patients with cardiac valve prostheses: observations in 180 patients. JAMA 1978; 239: 738-9.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"53","article-title":"The pharmacology of oral anticoagulants: implications for therapy","volume":"2","author":"Shetty, H.G.M.; Woods, F.; Routledge, P.A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shetty HGM, Woods F, Routledge PA. The pharmacology of oral anticoagulants: implications for therapy. 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