{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T02:10:27Z","timestamp":1683771027502},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"841","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]],"date-time":"1995-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":815184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>High altitude is an environment that is alien to man. Stressors associated with the mechanics of flight include motion and acceleration forces applied in three vectors and in degrees that are foreign to the human vestibular apparatus. Furthermore, the work patterns of a pilot can interfere with lifestyle and circadian rhythms. Therefore medical fitness is an important consideration in determining an individual\u2019s suitability to exercise a pilot\u2019s licence. The medical standards applied depend on the type of aircraft flown and the duties expected of a pilot. There are three broad categories of pilot. In ascending order of stringency of medical standards these are the private pilot, the professional pilot and the military pilot.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.71.841.649","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1230585921000},"page":"649-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medical examinations for pilots"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"P J","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"7 Hadrian Court , Darlington DL3 8RE , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","article-title":"The aerospace environment and its effect on the lungs","volume-title":"Occupational lung disorders","author":"Ernsting, J.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ernsting J. The aerospace environment and its effect on the lungs. In: Parkes WR, ed. Occupational lung disorders. 3rd edn. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"ref_2","article-title":"The pressure cabin","volume-title":"Aviation medicine","author":"Macmillan, A.J.F.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Macmillan AJF. The pressure cabin. In: Ernsting J, King P, eds. Aviation medicine. 2nd edn. London: Butterworths, 1988.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_3","article-title":"The effects of long duration acceleration","volume-title":"Aviation medicine","author":"Glaister, D.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Glaister DH. The effects of long duration acceleration. In: Ernsting J, King P, eds. Aviation medicine. 2nd edn. London: Butterworths, 1988.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_4","article-title":"Civil Aviation","volume-title":"Fitness for work","author":"Bennett, G.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bennett G. Civil Aviation. In: Cox RAF, Edwards FC, McCallum RI, eds. Fitness for work, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications, 1995.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_5","article-title":"International standards and recommended practices. Personnel licensing. Annex 1","author":"International Civil Aviation Organisation","year":"1988","unstructured":"International Civil Aviation Organisation. International standards and recommended practices. Personnel licensing. Annex 1. 8th edn. Montreal: ICAO, 1988.","edition":"8th edn"},{"key":"ref_6","article-title":"Ophthalmological conditions and the examination of the eye","volume-title":"Aviation medicine","author":"Cloherty, J.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cloherty J. Ophthalmological conditions and the examination of the eye. In: Ernsting J, King P, eds. Aviation medicine. 2nd edn. London: Butterworths, 1988.","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"ref_7","article-title":"Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Guidance notes for authorised medical examiners","year":"1993","unstructured":"Civil Aviation Authority (CAA). Guidance notes for authorised medical examiners. London: CAA, 1993."},{"key":"ref_8","article-title":"Flying with existing respiratory disease","volume-title":"Occupational lung disorders","author":"Hopkirk, J.A.C.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hopkirk JAC. Flying with existing respiratory disease. In: Parkes WR, ed. Occupational lung disorders. 3rd edn. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1994.","edition":"3rd edn"},{"key":"ref_9","article-title":"Other important medical conditions","volume-title":"Aviation medicine","author":"Hull, D.H.","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hull DH. Other important medical conditions. In: Ernsting J, King P, eds. Aviation medicine. 2nd edn. London: Butterworths, 1988.","edition":"2nd edn"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/71\/841\/649\/50219248\/postgradmedj-71-649.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/71\/841\/649\/50219248\/postgradmedj-71-649.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T01:34:36Z","timestamp":1683768876000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/71\/841\/649\/7044126"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"841","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.71.841.649","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1995,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,11,1]]}}}