{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:36:15Z","timestamp":1759091775139},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"844","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]],"date-time":"1996-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":823132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relative prevalence of abnormalities of coronary flow reserve and oesophageal function was ascertained in 32 syndrome X patients with typical angina chest pain, a positive exercise test, and normal coronary arteries. Coronary flow reserve in response to a hyperaemic dose of papaverine was measured using an intracoronary Doppler catheter positioned in the left anterior descending coronary artery. An abnormal coronary flow reserve was defined as being &amp;lt; 3.0. Patients were investigated for oesophageal dysfunction by manometry and 24-hour pH monitoring. Thirteen patients had an impaired coronary flow reserve (group 1) and 19 patients had a normal flow reserve (group 2). Eight of the 13 group 1 patients (62%) and 13 of the 19 group 2 patients (68%, p = NS) had evidence of oesophageal dysfunction on either manometry or pH studies. Therefore, a total of 26 (81%) syndrome X patients had either an abnormality of coronary flow reserve or oesophageal dysfunction suggesting that chest pain in these patients may be due to myocardial ischaemia or oesophageal dysfunction, thus confirming the heterogeneous nature of this syndrome. The prevalence of oesophageal abnormalities was independent of any abnormalities of coronary flow reserve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.72.844.99","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1230587340000},"page":"99-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Coronary flow reserve and oesophageal dysfunction in syndrome X"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P A","family":"Mullins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M C","family":"Petch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P M","family":"Schofield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Cardiac Unit, Papworth Hospital , Papworth Everard, Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1996,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061112","article-title":"'Angina' and normal coronary arteriograms: a followup study","volume":"1","author":"Dart, A.M.; Alban Davies, H.; Dalal, J.; Ruttley, M.; Henderson, A.H.","year":"1980","unstructured":"Dart AM, Alban Davies H, Dalal J, Ruttley M, Henderson AH. 'Angina' and normal coronary arteriograms: a followup study. Eur Heart J 1980; 1: 97-100.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(73)90060-0","article-title":"The anginal syndromes associated with normal coronary arteriograms: report of a six year experience","volume":"54","author":"Kemp, H.G.; Vokonas, P.S.; Cohn, P.F.; Gorlin, R.","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kemp HG, Vokonas PS, Cohn PF, Gorlin R. The anginal syndromes associated with normal coronary arteriograms: report of a six year experience. 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Postgrad Med J 1995; 71: 341-5.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.72.1.82","article-title":"Transluminal, subselective measurements of coronary artery blood flow velocity and vasodilator reserve in man","volume":"72","author":"Wilson, R.F.; Laughlin, D.E.; Ackell, P.H.","year":"1985","unstructured":"Wilson RF, Laughlin DE, Ackell PH, et al. Transluminal, subselective measurements of coronary artery blood flow velocity and vasodilator reserve in man. Circulation 1985; 72: 82-92.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(86)80305-9","article-title":"Subselective measurement of coronary blood velocity using a steerable Doppler catheter","volume":"8","author":"Sibley, D.H.; Millar, H.D.; Hartley, C.J.; Whitlow, P.L.","year":"1986","unstructured":"Sibley DH, Millar HD, Hartley CJ, Whitlow PL. Subselective measurement of coronary blood velocity using a steerable Doppler catheter. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 8: 1332-40.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90273-R","article-title":"The significance of coronary reserve in clinical heart disease","volume":"15","author":"Strauer, B.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Strauer B. The significance of coronary reserve in clinical heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 15: 775-83.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(77)80173-7","article-title":"Coronary reperfusion: effects of vasodilators (papaverine and adenosine)","volume":"93","author":"Parker, P.E.; Bashour, F.A.; Downey, H.F.; Boutros, I.S.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Parker PE, Bashour FA, Downey HF, Boutros IS. Coronary reperfusion: effects of vasodilators (papaverine and adenosine). 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Left ventricular function and oesophageal function in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms. Br HeartJ 1987; 58: 218-24.","journal-title":"Br HeartJ"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01072186","article-title":"Esophageal manometrics in patients with angina-like chest pain","volume":"22","author":"Brand, D.C.; Martin, D.; Pope, C.","year":"1977","unstructured":"Brand DC, Martin D, Pope C. Esophageal manometrics in patients with angina-like chest pain. Dig Dis Sci 1977; 22: 300-4.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"217","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve, esophageal motility, and chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"88","author":"Cannon, R.O.; Cattau, E.L.; Yakshe, P.N.","year":"1990","unstructured":"Cannon RO, Cattau EL, Yakshe PN, et al. 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Gut 1990; 31: 738-44.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.33.1.79","article-title":"Oesophageal motility, luminal pH, and electrocardiographic-ST segment analysis during spontaneous episodes of angina like chest pain","volume":"33","author":"Hick, D.G.; Morrison, J.F.B.; Casey, J.F.; Al-Ashhab, W.; Williams, G.J.; Davies, G.A.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hick DG, Morrison JFB, Casey JF, Al-Ashhab W, Williams GJ, Davies GA. Oesophageal motility, luminal pH, and electrocardiographic-ST segment analysis during spontaneous episodes of angina like chest pain. Gut 1992; 33: 79-86.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6585.1459","article-title":"Exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux. A mechanism for symptoms in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms","volume":"294","author":"Schofield, P.M.; Bennett, D.H.; Jones, P.E.","year":"1987","unstructured":"Schofield PM, Bennett DH, Jones PE, et al. Exertional gastro-oesophageal reflux. A mechanism for symptoms in patients with angina pectoris and normal coronary angiograms. BMJ 1987; 294: 1459-61.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90148-6","article-title":"Comparison ofregional myocardial blood flow in syndrome X and one vessel coronary artery disease","volume":"72","author":"Galassi, A.R.; Crea, F.; Araujo, L.I.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Galassi AR, Crea F, Araujo LI, et al. Comparison ofregional myocardial blood flow in syndrome X and one vessel coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol 1993; 72: 134-9.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(90)90347-R","article-title":"Increased myocardial perfusion at rest and diminished perfusion reserve in patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries","volume":"16","author":"Geltman, E.M.; Henes, G.; Senneff, M.J.; Sobel, B.E.; Bergmann, SR","year":"1990","unstructured":"Geltman EM, Henes G, Senneff MJ, Sobel BE, Bergmann SR. Increased myocardial perfusion at rest and diminished perfusion reserve in patients with angina and angiographically normal coronary arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990; 16: 586-95.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90284-4","article-title":"Abnormal cardiac pain perception in syndrome X","volume":"24","author":"Chauhan, A.; PA., Mullins; Thuraisingham, S.I.; Taylor, G.; Petch, M.C.; Schofield, P.M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Mullins PA., Thuraisingham SI, Taylor G, Petch MC, Schofield PM. Abnormal cardiac pain perception in syndrome X. J Am Coll Cardiol 1994; 24: 329-35.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90177-5","article-title":"Abnormal autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in syndrome X","volume":"73","author":"Rosano, G.M.C.; Ponikowski, P.; Adamopoulos, S.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rosano GMC, Ponikowski P, Adamopoulos S, et al. Abnormal autonomic control of the cardiovascular system in syndrome X. 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Circulation 1994; 90: I-444.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.69.6.516","article-title":"The effect ofhyperventilation and mental stress on coronary blood flow in Syndrome X patients","volume":"69","author":"Chauhan, A.; Mullins, P.; Taylor, G.; Petch, M.C.; Schofield, P.M.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Mullins P, Taylor G, Petch MC, Schofield PM. The effect ofhyperventilation and mental stress on coronary blood flow in Syndrome X patients. Br Heart J 1993; 69: 516-24.","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5317.1425","article-title":"Episodic, postural and linked angina","volume":"i:","author":"Smith, K.S.; Papp, C.","year":"1962","unstructured":"Smith KS, Papp C. Episodic, postural and linked angina. 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