{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T13:03:20Z","timestamp":1780319000951,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"864","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]],"date-time":"1997-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":875664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pyridoxine deficiency leads to impairment of immune responses. It appears that the basic derangement is the decreased rate of production of one-carbon units necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids. The key factor is a pyridoxine enzyme, serine hydroxymethyltransferase. This enzyme is very low in resting lymphocytes but increases significantly under the influence of antigenic or mitogenic stimuli, thus supplying the increased demand for nucleic acid synthesis during an immune response. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity is depressed by deoxypyridoxine, a potent antagonist of pyridoxal phosphate, and also by known immunosuppressive or antiproliferative agents. The combination of these agents is additive.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Our results lead us to suggest the following medical applications: (a) combination of deoxypyridoxine with immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic drugs may be effective in cases of immunosuppressive therapy or organ transplantation, (b) the development of special agents directed against the serine hydroxymethyltransferase apoprotein may prove to be a valuable medical tool, since this enzyme presents an excellent target for chemotherapy, (c) lymphocytes of individual patients could be used to design tailor-made specific immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic treatment, and (d) the serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity of lymphocyte culture presents an excellent indicator for the evaluation of potency of immunosuppressive, chemotherapeutic or genotoxic compounds in a simple and rapid test.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.73.864.617","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1230587340000},"page":"617-622","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Pyridoxine deficiency: new approaches in immunosuppression and chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"A","family":"Trakatellis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Dimitriadou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Trakatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, Aristoteles University of Thessaloniki , Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"Suppression of circulating antibodies","volume-title":"pyridoxine deficiency. 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Some effects of amino acid deficiencies on antibody formation in the rat. Nutrition 1968; 95: 184-90.","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"39","article-title":"Cellular antibody synthesis in vitamin B6 deficient rats","volume":"96","author":"Kumar, M.; Axelrod, A.E.","year":"1968","unstructured":"Kumar M, Axelrod AE. Cellular antibody synthesis in vitamin B6 deficient rats. J Nutr 1968; 96: 39-45.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/79.2.161","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs","volume":"79","author":"Axelrod, E.; Trakatellis, A.C.; Bloch, H.; Stinebring, W.R.","year":"1963","unstructured":"Axelrod E, Trakatellis AC, Bloch H, Stinebring WR. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. JT Nutr 1963; 79: 161-7.","journal-title":"JT Nutr"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1126\/science.127.3311.1388","article-title":"Effect of a pyridoxine deficiency on skin grafts in the rat","volume":"127","author":"Axelrod, A.E.; Fisher, B.; Fisher, E.; Lee, Y.C.P.; Walsh, P.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Axelrod AE, Fisher B, Fisher E, Lee YCP, Walsh P. Effect of a pyridoxine deficiency on skin grafts in the rat. Science 1958; 127: 1388-9.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"149","article-title":"The favourable effect ofpyridoxine deficiency on skin homograft survival","volume":"44","author":"Fisher, B.; Axelrod, A.E.; Fisher, E.; Lee, S.H.; Calvanese, N.","year":"1958","unstructured":"Fisher B, Axelrod AE, Fisher E, Lee SH, Calvanese N. The favourable effect ofpyridoxine deficiency on skin homograft survival. Surgery 1958; 44: 149-67.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"206","article-title":"Induction of tolerance to skin homografts by administering splenic cells to","volume-title":"pyridoxine deficient mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med","volume":"116","author":"Axelrod, A.E.; Trakatellis, A.C.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Axelrod AE, Trakatellis AC. Induction of tolerance to skin homografts by administering splenic cells to pyridoxine deficient mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1964; 116: 206-10."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/202154a0","article-title":"Induction of immune tolerance with ribosomes and ribonucleic acid extracts in newborn mice","volume":"202","author":"Trakatellis, A.; Axelrod, A.; Montjar, M.; Lamy, F.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Trakatellis A, Axelrod A, Montjar M, Lamy F. Induction of immune tolerance with ribosomes and ribonucleic acid extracts in newborn mice. Nature 1964; 202: 154.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"46","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the induction of immune","volume-title":"tolerance in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1969","volume":"132","author":"Trakatellis, A.; Axelrod, A.","unstructured":"Trakatellis A, Axelrod A. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on the induction of immune tolerance in mice. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1969; 132: 46."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/82.4.483","article-title":"Effects of pyridoxine deficiency upon valine incorporation into tissue proteins of the rat","volume":"82","author":"Trakatellis, A.C.; Axelrod, A.E.","year":"1964","unstructured":"Trakatellis AC, Axelrod AE. Effects of pyridoxine deficiency upon valine incorporation into tissue proteins of the rat. J Nutr 1964; 82: 483 - 8.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/85.1.45","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon polysomes and messenger RNA of rat tissues","volume":"85","author":"Montiar, M.; Axelrod, A.E.; Trakatellis, A.C.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Montiar M, Axelrod AE, Trakatellis AC. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency upon polysomes and messenger RNA of rat tissues. J Nutr 1965; 85: 45-65.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0950344","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on nucleic acid metabolishm in the rat","volume":"95","author":"Trakatellis, A.C.; Axelrod, A.E.","year":"1965","unstructured":"Trakatellis AC, Axelrod AE. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on nucleic acid metabolishm in the rat. BiochemJ 1965; 95: 344-9.","journal-title":"BiochemJ"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3109\/08923978909005393","article-title":"Inhibitory effect of deoxypyridoxine on the action of certain mitogenic factors","volume":"11","author":"Scountzou, J.; Malissiovas, A.; Antoniadis, A.; Trakatellis, A.C.","year":"1989","unstructured":"Scountzou J, Malissiovas A, Antoniadis A, Trakatellis AC. Inhibitory effect of deoxypyridoxine on the action of certain mitogenic factors. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 1989; 11: 657 - 66.","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"70","article-title":"Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on immunological phenomena","volume":"68","author":"Trakatellis, A.C.; Dimitriadou, A.; Exindari, M.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Trakatellis AC, Dimitriadou A, Exindari M, et al. Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on immunological phenomena. Postgrad Med J 1992; 68: 70-7.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931605","article-title":"4-Deoxypyridoxine inhibits chronic granuloma formation induced by potassium permanganate in vivo","volume":"136","author":"Fridas, S.; Trakatellis, A.; Karagouni, E.; Dotsika, E.; Himonas, C.; Conti, P.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fridas S, Trakatellis A, Karagouni E, Dotsika E, Himonas C, Conti P. 4-Deoxypyridoxine inhibits chronic granuloma formation induced by potassium permanganate in vivo. Mol Cel Biochem 1994; 136: 59-63.","journal-title":"Mol Cel Biochem"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effect of combination of deoxypyridoxine with known antiproliferative or immmunosuppressive agents on lymphocyte serine hydroxymethyltransferase","volume":"70","author":"Trakatellis, A.; Dimitriadou, A.; Exindari, M.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Trakatellis A, Dimitriadou A, Exindari M, et al. Effect of combination of deoxypyridoxine with known antiproliferative or immmunosuppressive agents on lymphocyte serine hydroxymethyltransferase. Postgrad Med J 1994; 70: 89-92.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"31","article-title":"Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) as a precious indicator of antiproliferative or immunosuppressive potency of various compounds","volume":"8","author":"Trakatellis, A.; Exindari, M.; Haitoglou, C.S.; Dimitriadou, A.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Trakatellis A, Exindari M, Haitoglou CS, Dimitriadou A. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) as a precious indicator of antiproliferative or immunosuppressive potency of various compounds. Intj Immunopathol Pharmacol 1995; 8: 31-7.","journal-title":"Intj Immunopathol Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/73\/864\/617\/50223125\/postgradmedj-73-617.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/73\/864\/617\/50223125\/postgradmedj-73-617.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T05:05:49Z","timestamp":1683867949000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/73\/864\/617\/7061192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"864","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.73.864.617","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1997,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,10,1]]}}}