{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T09:24:09Z","timestamp":1775381049879,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"868","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]],"date-time":"1998-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":886291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>A survey of 500 members of the public was carried out in which they were asked how they would deal with a nose bleed. Only 50 out of 443 responses were judged as being correct, confirming a clinical impression, long held by those dealing with epistaxis, that there is a high level of ignorance as to the correct first aid treatment. The survey also suggested that the lack of knowledge was not confined to the general public but evident in those trained in healthcare.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.868.113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1230587340000},"page":"113-114","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["First-aid treatment of epistaxis\u2013confirmation of widespread ignorance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Strachan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, St James University Hospital , Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"England","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, St James University Hospital , Leeds LS9 7TF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"63 1","key":"ref_1","article-title":"The relation of high blood pressure to headache and epistaxis and selected other symptoms","volume":"287","author":"Weiss, N.S.","year":"1972","unstructured":"Weiss NS. The relation of high blood pressure to headache and epistaxis and selected other symptoms. N EngI J Med 1972;287:63 1.","journal-title":"N EngI J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample","volume":"13","author":"Petruson, B.; Rudin, R.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Petruson B, Rudin R. The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample. Rhinology 1975;13(3):129-33.","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1177\/019459989310900111","article-title":"Epistaxis: a comparison of treatment (Review)","volume":"109","author":"Shaw, C.B.; Wax, M.K.; Wetmore, S.J.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Shaw CB, Wax MK, Wetmore SJ. Epistaxis: a comparison of treatment (Review). Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;109: 60-5.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6268.967","article-title":"ABC of ENT. Nose bleeds","volume":"282","author":"Ludman, H.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ludman H. ABC of ENT. Nose bleeds. BMJ 1981;282: 967-9.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref_5","first-page":"589","article-title":"Ligation of the internal maxillary artery in patients with nasal haemorrhage","volume":"1936","author":"Hirsch, C.","unstructured":"Hirsch C. Ligation of the internal maxillary artery in patients with nasal haemorrhage. Arch Otolaryngol 1936;24: 589-93.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"672","article-title":"Bailey & Love's Short practice of surgery","author":"Mann, C.V.","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mann CV, Russell RCG, eds. Bailey & Love's Short practice of surgery, 21st edn. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992; p 672.","edition":"21st edn"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1975.11714052","volume":"57","author":"Epistaxis, Pearson B.W.","year":"1975","unstructured":"Pearson BW. Epistaxis. Postgrad Med 1975;57(6):116-9.","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"46","article-title":"Ear, nose & throat and head & neck surgery","author":"Dhillon, R.S.; East, C.A.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dhillon RS, East CA. Ear, nose & throat and head & neck surgery. Churchill Medical Communications, 1994; p 46.","journal-title":"Churchill Medical Communications"},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"85","article-title":"The British Red Cross Society. First Aid Manual","author":"Ambulance, St John; Association, St Andrew's Ambulance","year":"1992","unstructured":"St John Ambulance, St Andrew's Ambulance Association, The British Red Cross Society. First Aid Manual, 6th edn. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1992; p 85.","edition":"6th edn"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"25","article-title":"Benefit of the ice pack in the treatment of nosebleed","volume":"40","author":"T, Dost P.Polyzoidis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Dost P. Polyzoidis T. Benefit of the ice pack in the treatment of nosebleed. HNO 1992;40:25-7.","journal-title":"HNO"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.10.4.298","article-title":"The first aid management of epistaxis by accident and emergency department staff","volume":"10","author":"McGarry, G.W.; Moulton, C.","year":"1993","unstructured":"McGarry GW, Moulton C. The first aid management of epistaxis by accident and emergency department staff. Arch EmergMed 1993;10:298-300.","journal-title":"Arch EmergMed"},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"578","volume":"78","author":"Epistaxis, Honeysett J.","year":"1982","unstructured":"Honeysett J. Epistaxis. Nurs Times 1982;78:578-81.","journal-title":"Nurs Times"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/74\/868\/113\/50223227\/postgradmedj-74-113.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/74\/868\/113\/50223227\/postgradmedj-74-113.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T06:03:33Z","timestamp":1683871413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/74\/868\/113\/7060916"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"868","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.74.868.113","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[1998,2]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,2,1]]}}}