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Particularly difficult causes and concepts of hyponatraemia are the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis and the sick cell syndrome, which are discussed here in detail. Therapy should always be targeted at the underlying disease process. \u2018Hyponatraemic symptoms\u2019 are of doubtful importance, and may be more related to water overload and\/or the causative disease, than to hyponatraemia per se. Artificial elevation of plasma sodium by saline infusion carries the risk of induction of osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.74.875.516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,29]],"date-time":"2008-12-29T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1230587340000},"page":"516-523","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Hyponatraemia: biochemical and clinical perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Gill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University Clinical Department, Fazakerley Hospital , Liverpool L9 7AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G","family":"Leese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wards 1 and 2, Ninewells Hospital , Dundee DD1 9SY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1998,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90261-0","article-title":"Hyponatraemia: mechanisms and management","volume":"ii:","author":"Flear, C.T.G.; Gill, G.V.; Burn, J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Flear CTG, Gill GV, Burn J. 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