{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T01:50:58Z","timestamp":1778809858884,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"896","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>To study autoimmunity among thyroid diseases, 397 thyroid patients (age 30 (13) years; M\/F 75\/322) from two referral centres in Bangladesh and 94 healthy controls (age 30 (13) years; M\/F 24\/70) were studied for antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies. Thyroid patients were clinically grouped as suspected autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), non-autoimmune, or indeterminate groups (where no decision could be reached). Antimicrosomal antibody was strongly positive in 19.4% and weakly positive in 7.3% of patients but only 4.3% and 2.1% respectively in the controls (\u03c72 = 17.852; p = 0.000) whereas strong and weak positivity were 27.2% and 6.8% in patients compared with 8.5% and 4.3% respectively in the controls (\u03c72 = 16.916; p = 0.000) for antithyroglobulin antibody. Antibodies were positive in 63.0% with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 36.4% with Graves' disease, and 44.7% with atrophic thyroiditis among the autoimmune group. In the non-autoimmune group antibodies were positive in 100% with multinodular hypothyroidism, 46.7% with subacute thyroiditis, 40.0% with suspected iodine deficiency goitre, 31.3% with toxic multinodular goitre, 30.8% with non-toxic solitary nodules, and 19.4% with simple diffuse goitre. None was positive for antimicrosomal antibody without being positive for antithyroglobulin antibody. The two antibodies strongly correlated in both patients (r = 0.977, p = 0.000) and controls (r = 0.986, p = 0.000). About 9% (36\/397) of patients were mismatched with the final diagnosis on antibody measurement; most of them had Hashimoto's thyroiditis (33\/36). Prevalence of AITD among thyroid patients was 48.36%. Specificity of antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies were 93% and 87%. It was concluded that AITD is not uncommon in Bangladesh; antimicrosomal antibody is a useful marker for AITD and unless antibodies are checked, an appreciable number of patients with AITDs will remain undetected.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.76.896.345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:38:40Z","timestamp":1027766320000},"page":"345-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Status of antithyroid antibodies in Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"M A","family":"Hasanat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Endocrine Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A K","family":"Rumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M N","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Endocrine Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K Nadim","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Salimullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M A","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Fariduddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Endocrine Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hajera","family":"Mahtab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A K Azad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Department of Immunology and Department of Medicine , Dhaka, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042614132031400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350206","article-title":"Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (review).","volume":"335","author":"Dayan","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347788","article-title":"Prevalence of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid disorders in a relatively low-iodine environment.","volume":"17","author":"Knobel","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-71-3-661","article-title":"Antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies in thyroid diseases.","volume":"70","author":"Mariotti","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.1.160","article-title":"Analytical and clinical performance goals for testing autoantibodies to thyroperoxidase, thyroglobulin, and thyrotropin receeptor.","volume":"42","author":"Feldt-Rasmussen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B5","volume-title":"Report of the national iodine deficiency disorders survey in Bangladesh\u20141993.","author":"Yusuf","year":"1993"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B6","first-page":"53","article-title":"Spectrum of thyroid disorders in IPGMR, Dhaka.","volume":"6","author":"Alam","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bangladesh Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B7","first-page":"12","article-title":"Solitary thyroid nodule: a study of 100 cases.","volume":"22","author":"Das","year":"1996","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B8","first-page":"3","article-title":"Effect of oral iodized oil on biochemical parameters and goitre size (abstract).","volume":"1","author":"Rafea","year":"1996","journal-title":"Iodine Deficiency Disorders Newsletter"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350060","article-title":"Activated and interferon-\u03b3 producing thyroid-derived T cells are detected in Graves' disease, thyroid autonomy as well as in non-toxic multinodular goiter.","volume":"135","author":"Aust","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1000783","article-title":"The relationship between hyperthyroidism and the distribution of peripheral blood T, NK and B-lymphocytes in multinodular goiter.","volume":"26","author":"Corrales","year":"1994","journal-title":"Horm Metab Res"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00208480","article-title":"Immunological features of sporadic multinodular goiter (abstract).","volume":"71","author":"Corrales","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)90682-7","article-title":"Do thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins cause non-toxic and toxic multinodular goitre?","volume":"i","author":"Brown","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B13","first-page":"55","article-title":"Thyroid carcinoma and thyroiditis in an endemic goitre region before and after iodine prophylaxis.","volume":"108","author":"Harach","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinologica (Copenhagen)"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.1.183","article-title":"Optimal laboratory testing for diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid nodules, goiter, and thyroid cancer.","volume":"42","author":"Ladenson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B15","first-page":"2075","article-title":"Diagnostic value of thyroid antibodies.","volume":"137","author":"Toldy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B16","first-page":"220","article-title":"Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody in thyroid diseases.","volume":"92","author":"Vadivelu","year":"1990","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B17","first-page":"788","article-title":"Autoimmune thyroid disease: further development in our understanding.","volume":"15","author":"Weetman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endocr 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(editorial).","volume":"79","author":"Laurberg","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B20","first-page":"206","article-title":"T-cell reactivity to recombinant human thyrotropin receptor extracellular domain and thyroglobulin in patients with autoimmune and non-autoimmune thyroid diseases.","volume":"80","author":"Soliman","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.78.5.7909815","article-title":"Is endemic goiter an autoimmune disease? (editorial).","volume":"78","author":"Weetman","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1350039","article-title":"Autoimmunity and thyroid growth. Where do we stand? (invited commentary).","volume":"130","author":"Drexhage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023042614132031400_B23","first-page":"1700","article-title":"Antibodies producing complement-mediated thyroid cytotoxicity in patients with atrophic or goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis.","volume":"77","author":"Chiovato","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/76\/896\/345\/50044589\/postgradmedj-76-345.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/76\/896\/345\/50044589\/postgradmedj-76-345.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T14:46:58Z","timestamp":1682520418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/76\/896\/345\/7040106"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"896","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.76.896.345","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-0756","0032-5473"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]]}}}