{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T09:50:22Z","timestamp":1772013022266,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"910","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]],"date-time":"2001-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":996624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>INTRODUCTION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study was undertaken to evaluate the bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type-I (CRPS-I) after stroke, and to correlate it with various clinical and neurophysiological parameters.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PATIENTS AND METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty patients with CRPS-I after stroke were included and a detailed neurological evaluation was carried out. The severity of CRPS-I was graded on the basis of shoulder hand syndrome score. All the patients underwent bone mineral densitometry of paralysed and non-paralysed forearm by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. The BMD of paralysed forearm was also compared with that of age matched healthy controls. Neurophysiological tests included sympathetic skin response in both upper and lower limbs and median somatosensory evoked potentials.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The mean age of patients was 57.2 (45\u201375) years and eight were females. Eight patients had severe weakness and 12 had moderate weakness of grade 2 on the hemiplegic side. There was significant reduction in BMD in the patients compared with controls (p&amp;lt;0.01). The bone density reduction correlated well with duration of illness (r = \u22120.673, p&amp;lt;0.01), shoulder hand syndrome score (r = \u22120.804, p&amp;lt;0.01), and Canadian neurological scale score (r = \u22120.738 p&amp;lt;0.01). Sympathetic skin response was not recordable bilaterally in all patients. Median somatosensory evoked potentials were not recordable in seven out of 20 patients who also had higher grade of CRPS-I.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results show significant reduction of BMD in patients with CRPS-I after stroke. The reduction in BMD correlates with the severity of shoulder hand syndrome score, degree of weakness, duration of hemiplegia, and the severity of stroke.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.910.519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:38:40Z","timestamp":1027766320000},"page":"519-522","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A study of bone densitometry in patients with complex regional pain syndrome after stroke"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"V","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Kalita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R B","family":"Gujral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, K G Medical College , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V P","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation and Artificaial Limb Centre, K G Medical College , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U K","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042613274665000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360507","article-title":"The shoulder hand syndrome after stroke\u2014a prospective clinical trial.","volume":"36","author":"Braus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.12.2183","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency and osteopenia in hemiplegic limbs of stroke patients.","volume":"27","author":"Sato","year":"1996","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(98)00041-0","article-title":"Influence of immobilization on bone mass and bone metabolism in hemiplegic elderly patients with a long standing stroke.","volume":"156","author":"Sato","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.4065\/70.11.1029","article-title":"Value of autonomic testing in reflex sympathetic dystrophy.","volume":"70","author":"Chelimsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1203535","article-title":"Uberdie akute knochenatrophie nach Entzundungen und Traumen der Ext-tremitaten.","volume":"28","author":"Sudeck","year":"1902","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.4.731","article-title":"The Canadian neurological scale: a preliminary study in acute stroke.","volume":"17","author":"Cote","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B7","first-page":"61","article-title":"Functional evlauation. The Barthel index.","volume":"14","author":"Mahoney","year":"1965","journal-title":"Md St Med J"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.56.5.613","article-title":"Vascular abnormalities in acute reflex sympathetic dystrophy (CRPS-I).","volume":"56","author":"Wasner","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B9","first-page":"1943","article-title":"Osteoporosis as early complications of hemiplegia.","volume":"71","author":"Goodman","year":"1971","journal-title":"N Y State J Med"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B10","first-page":"2101","article-title":"An evaluation of forearm bone mineral measurement with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.","volume":"32","author":"Larcos","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199607000-00002","article-title":"sympathetic skin response in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.","volume":"75","author":"Clinchot","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(94)00210-F","article-title":"The sympathetic skin response in reflex sympathetic dystrophy.","volume":"128","author":"Drory","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2023042613274665000_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.24.9.1389","article-title":"Suppressed sympathetic skin response in brain infarction.","volume":"24","author":"Korpelainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/77\/910\/519\/50042811\/postgradmedj-77-519.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/77\/910\/519\/50042811\/postgradmedj-77-519.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T13:33:37Z","timestamp":1682516017000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/77\/910\/519\/7039401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"910","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.77.910.519","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-0756","0032-5473"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,8,1]]}}}