{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:51:31Z","timestamp":1792759891790,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"913","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]],"date-time":"2001-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1004572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Adverse drug reactions and non-compliance are important causes of admissions in the elderly to medical clinics. The contribution of adverse drug reactions and non-compliance to admission by the medical emergency department was analysed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 578 consecutive elderly patients admitted to the medical emergency department were interviewed to determine the percentage of admissions due to adverse drug reactions or non-compliance with medication regimens, their causes, consequences, and predictors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighty three (14.4%) of the 578 admissions were drug related: 39 (6.7%) caused by adverse drug reactions and 44 (7.6%) caused by non-compliance with medication. One hundred ninety two (33.2%) patients had a history of non-compliance. Factors associated with an increased risk of admission because of an adverse drug reaction were patients with diabetes or neoplasms, and patients using numerous different medications. Factors associated with a higher risk of hospitalisation because of non-compliance were poor recall of the medication regimen, seeing numerous physicians, female sex, polypharmacy, drug costs, and switching over to non-conventional forms of treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many elderly admissions are drug related, with non-compliance accounting for a substantial fraction of these. Elderly people at high risk of suffering a drug related medical emergency are identified and suitable interventions may be planned by the healthcare policymakers to target them.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.913.703","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:32:19Z","timestamp":1027765939000},"page":"703-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":122,"title":["Drug related medical emergencies in the elderly: role of adverse drug reactions and non-compliance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research , Chandigarh 160 012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R S","family":"Karan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research , Chandigarh 160 012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Pandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research , Chandigarh 160 012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research , Chandigarh 160 012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042613423310000_B1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Current medical diagnosis and treatment.","author":"Resnick","year":"2000","edition":"39th Ed."},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199202040-00008","article-title":"Adverse reactions as a cause of hospital admission for the aged.","volume":"2","author":"Beard","year":"1992","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/9.2.73","article-title":"Adverse reactions to prescribed drugs in the elderly. A multicentric investigation.","volume":"9","author":"Williamson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1988.tb01785.x","article-title":"Prescribing for the elderly. Part I: sensitivity of the elderly to adverse drug reactions.","volume":"36","author":"Nolan","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am GeriatrSoc"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B5","first-page":"1093","article-title":"The ambiguous relation between aging and adverse drug reactions.","volume":"39","author":"Gurwitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908033210507","article-title":"Management of drug therapy in the elderly.","volume":"321","author":"Montamat","year":"1989","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1972134463","article-title":"A review of medication errors and compliance in ambulant patients.","volume":"13","author":"Stewart","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1982.tb05623.x","article-title":"Intentional prescription nonadherence (noncompoiance) by the elderly.","volume":"30","author":"Cooper","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1982.tb05663.x","article-title":"Knowledge of and compliance with drug regimens in the elderly.","volume":"30","author":"German","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.52.12.2018","article-title":"Medication errors made by elderly, chronically ill patients.","volume":"52","author":"Schwartz","year":"1962","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1990.00390160093019","article-title":"The role of medication noncompliance and adverse drug reactions in hospitalization of the elderly.","volume":"150","author":"Col","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260250028021","article-title":"Adverse drug reactions. A critical review.","volume":"12","author":"Karch","year":"1975","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B13","first-page":"792","article-title":"Drug-related hospital admissions.","volume":"33","author":"McKenney","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B14","volume-title":"Compliance in health care.","author":"Haynes","year":"1979"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B15","first-page":"1696","article-title":"Drug-related emergency department visits and hospital admissions.","volume":"49","author":"Prince","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/53.12.1416","article-title":"Medication misadventures resulting in emergency department visits at an HMO medical center.","volume":"53","author":"Scheneitman-Mclntire","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B17","first-page":"1422","article-title":"Drug-related illness in emergency department patients.","volume-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","author":"Llennehy","year":"1996"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s002280050582","article-title":"Suspected adverse drug events requiring emergency department visits or hospital admissions.","volume":"54","author":"Raschetti","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1177\/106002809302700702","article-title":"Drug-related hospital admissions.","volume":"27","author":"Einarson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B20","first-page":"23","article-title":"Undesired effects of sulfonylurea drugs.","volume":"4","author":"Pirce","year":"1985","journal-title":"Adverse Drug Reactions and Acute Poisoning Reviews"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B21","first-page":"787","article-title":"Risk for serious gastrointestinal complications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. A meta-analysis.","volume":"115","author":"Gabriel","year":"1991","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B22","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Avery's drug treatment.","author":"Cusack","year":"1997","edition":"4th Ed."},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B23","first-page":"600","article-title":"Medical admissions due to noncompliance with drug therapy.","volume":"20","author":"Levy","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1979.03630430017008","article-title":"Measurement of medication compliance in a clinical setting, comparison of three methods in patients prescribed digoxin.","volume":"139","author":"Fletcher","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1979.03630430009004","article-title":"In search of the gold standard for compliance measurement.","volume":"139","author":"Dudd","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042613423310000_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.2.6.757","article-title":"Can simple clinical measurements detect patient non-compliance?","volume":"2","author":"Haynes","year":"1980","journal-title":"Hypertension"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/77\/913\/703\/50042631\/postgradmedj-77-703.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/77\/913\/703\/50042631\/postgradmedj-77-703.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T13:47:40Z","timestamp":1682516860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/77\/913\/703\/7039144"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"913","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.77.913.703","relation":{},"ISSN":["1469-0756","0032-5473"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11,1]]}}}