{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:02:39Z","timestamp":1787644959123,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"921","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]],"date-time":"2002-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1025481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Foreign body aspiration is a worldwide health problem which often results in life threatening complications. More than two thirds of foreign body aspirations occur among children younger than 3 years. Organic materials such as nuts, seeds, and bones are most commonly aspirated. There is a wide range of clinical presentation, and often there is not a reliable witness to supply the clinical history, especially in children. Maintaining a high index of suspicion is therefore necessary for the diagnosis. None of the imaging methods employed in such cases are diagnostic, and bronchoscopy is frequently necessary for the diagnosis as well as the treatment. In adults, removal of the foreign body can be attempted during diagnostic examination with a fibreoptic bronchoscope under local anaesthesia, which may help to avoid any further invasive procedures with more complications. When diagnosis is delayed, complications of a retained foreign body such as unresolving pneumonia, lung abscess, recurrent haemoptysis, and bronchiectasis may necessitate a surgical resection. However, some of the late complications may resolve completely after the retrieval of the foreign body, therefore, a preoperative flexible bronchoscopy should always be considered in suitable cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.921.399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,28]],"date-time":"2002-07-28T23:08:40Z","timestamp":1027897720000},"page":"399-403","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Foreign body aspiration: clinical utility of flexible bronchoscopy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Dikensoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Usalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Filiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Gaziantep University, School of Medicine , Gaziantep , Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042416521734400_R1","first-page":"7","volume-title":"Accident facts","author":"National safety council","year":"1980"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R2","first-page":"1357","article-title":"Tracheobronchial foreign bodies: presentation and management in children and adults","volume":"115","author":"Baharloo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.1.129","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration into the lower airways in Chinese adults","volume":"112","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(89)90208-0","article-title":"An appropriate negative bronchoscopy rate in suspected foreign body aspiration","volume":"158","author":"Manto","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R5","first-page":"96","article-title":"Foreign body removal in adults and children","volume-title":"Interventional bronchoscopy","author":"Marquette","year":"2000"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950150109","article-title":"Complications following oat head aspiration","volume":"15","author":"Maayan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1177\/000348949610500404","article-title":"Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies in the older child and adolescent","volume":"105","author":"Lemberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R8","first-page":"924","article-title":"Bronchoscopic extraction of aspirated foreign bodies in children","volume":"136","author":"Kosloske","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(01)00531-6","article-title":"Bronchoscopic removal of foreign bodies from children in Bosnia and Herzegoniva: experience with 230 patients","volume":"28","author":"Brkic","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/000348940111000601","article-title":"Unique presentation of a bronchial foreign body in an asymptomatic child","volume":"110","author":"Freiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1975.03260170034021","article-title":"A life-saving maneuver to prevent food-choking","volume":"234","author":"Heimlich","year":"1975","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R12","first-page":"102","article-title":"Aerodigestive-tract foreign bodies in children: pitfalls in the management","volume":"23","author":"Papsin","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Otolarngol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(05)70214-0","article-title":"Tracheobronchial foreign bodies","volume":"33","author":"Friedman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s003830000485","article-title":"Bronchoscopic removal of tracheobronchial foreign bodies: value of patient history","volume":"17","author":"Emir","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(20)30835-X","article-title":"The emergency management of caustic ingestions","volume":"2","author":"Cohen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.5.9154875","article-title":"Indications for flexible versus rigid bronchoscopy in children with suspected foreign body aspiration","volume":"155","author":"Martinot","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1013940","article-title":"Bronchoscopic removal of foreign bodies in children: retrospective analysis of 822 cases","volume":"39","author":"Pasaoglu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R18","first-page":"395","article-title":"Endobronchial tuberculosis. A report on 15 cases","volume":"15","author":"Kalyoncu","year":"1989","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8537(05)70067-5","article-title":"Foreign body aspiration","volume":"16","author":"Salcedo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anesthesiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(94)90154-6","article-title":"Aspiration of nortriptyline","volume":"12","author":"Johnson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5876(99)00020-8","article-title":"Turban pin aspiration: a potential for young Islamic girls","volume":"48","author":"Kaptanoglu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100113891","article-title":"Radiological diagnosis of aspirated foreign bodies in children: review of 343 cases","volume":"104","author":"Mu","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R23","first-page":"378","article-title":"Meeting of the Society of Physicians of Freiburg Dec 17, 1897","volume":"45","author":"Killian","year":"1989","journal-title":"M\u00fcnch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-193610000-00008","volume-title":"Diseases of the air and food passages of foreign body origin","author":"Jackson","year":"1936"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R25","first-page":"429","article-title":"Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy for airway management during acute respiratory failure","volume":"109","author":"Barrett","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R26","first-page":"220","volume-title":"Atlas of flexible bronchofiberoscopy","author":"Ikeda","year":"1974"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1974.110.3.357","article-title":"Experimental removal of foreign bodies by fiberoptic bronchoscopy","volume":"110","author":"Zavala","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R28","first-page":"725","article-title":"The flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope in foreign body removal. Experience in 300 cases","volume":"73","author":"Cunanan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/140.6.1734","article-title":"Use of fiberoptic bronchoscopy to retrieve bronchial foreign bodies in adults","volume":"140","author":"Lan","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-112-8-604","article-title":"Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in adults","volume":"112","author":"Limper","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3003.1999.14d11.x","article-title":"Bronchoscopic removal of foreign bodies in adults: experience with 62 patients from 1974\u20131998","volume":"14","author":"Debeljak","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70046-0","article-title":"Adult airway foreign body removal. What\u2019s new?","volume":"22","author":"Rafanan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X8901700214","article-title":"Removal of proximal and peripheral endobronchial foreign bodies with the flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope","volume":"17","author":"Clark","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R34","first-page":"140","article-title":"Scar changes in the bronchus caused by a foreign body","volume":"48","author":"Pogorzelski","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199802)25:2<130::AID-PPUL10>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"Resolution of severe bronchiectasis after removal of long-standing retained foreign body","volume":"25","author":"Mansour","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R36","first-page":"2046","article-title":"Bronchiectasis","volume-title":"Fishman\u2019s pulmonary diseases and disorders","author":"Morton","year":"1998","edition":"3rd"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199403000-00022","article-title":"Reversible cystic dilatation of distal airways due to foreign body","volume":"87","author":"Ernst","year":"1994","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"2023042416521734400_R38","first-page":"187","article-title":"Recurrent pneumopathy of the middle lobe","volume":"55","author":"Khatibi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Pneumol Clin"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/78\/921\/399\/50040763\/postgradmedj-78-399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/78\/921\/399\/50040763\/postgradmedj-78-399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,6]],"date-time":"2024-01-06T18:42:28Z","timestamp":1704566548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/78\/921\/399\/7039179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"921","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.78.921.399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,1]]}}}