{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T08:25:51Z","timestamp":1776587151351,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"926","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]],"date-time":"2002-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1038700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Within the coronary vasculature the progression of a stable atherosclerotic plaque into a vulnerable and ultimately unstable lesion leads to a cascade of events culminating in the clinical presentation of unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction. In recent years studies have provided new insights in to the pathology and natural history, stimulating advances in diagnosis, treatment, and management. The review discusses the progress made including the role of inflammation, cardiac biomarkers, antiplatelet therapy, and percutaneous intervention. Current issues of debate and future directions are also addressed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.926.717","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T03:56:24Z","timestamp":1041393384000},"page":"717-726","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Critical review of unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"P J","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern General Hospital , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D C","family":"Crossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern General Hospital , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042418234720500_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014691","article-title":"The Task Force on the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"17","author":"Acute myocardial infarction: pre-hospital and in-hospital management","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.9.2341","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)","volume":"94","author":"Ryan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.9.1016","article-title":"1999 update: ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction)","volume":"100","author":"Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1502","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2305","article-title":"A consensus document of the Joint European Society of Cardiology\/American College of Cardiology Committee for the redefinition of myocardial infarction","volume":"21","author":"Myocardial infarction redefined","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351802","article-title":"Cardiac-specific troponin I levels to predict the risk of mortality in patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"335","author":"Antman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.2.133","article-title":"Guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ECG ST segment elevation","volume":"85","author":"British Cardiac Society Guidelines and Medical Practice Committee and Royal College of Physicians Clinical Effectiveness and Evaluation Unit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.10.1193","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: executive summary and recommendations. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines (committee on the management of patients with unstable angina)","volume":"102","author":"Braunwald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00889-5","article-title":"ACC\/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina)","volume":"36","author":"Braunwald","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2301","article-title":"Management of acute coronary syndromes: acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST segment elevation; recommendations of the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"21","author":"Bertrand","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90953-7","article-title":"Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"ii","author":"Richardson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.1.36","article-title":"Site of intimal rupture or erosion of thrombosed coronary atherosclerotic plaques is characterized by an inflammatory process irrespective of the dominant plaque morphology","volume":"89","author":"van der Wal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199705013361802","article-title":"Coronary risk factors and plaque morphology in men with coronary disease who died suddenly","volume":"336","author":"Burke","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90429-5","article-title":"Five-year angiographic follow-up of factors associated with progression of coronary artery disease in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS). CASS Participating Investigators and Staff","volume":"22","author":"Alderman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.78.5.1157","article-title":"Can coronary angiography predict the site of a subsequent myocardial infarction in patients with mild-to-moderate coronary artery disease?","volume":"78","author":"Little","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(92)90495-K","article-title":"Relation of the site of acute myocardial infarction to the most severe coronary arterial stenosis at prior angiography","volume":"69","author":"Giroud","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.6.598","article-title":"Extent and direction of arterial remodeling in stable versus unstable coronary syndromes: an intravascular ultrasound study","volume":"101","author":"Schoenhagen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.15.1965","article-title":"Thermal heterogeneity within human atherosclerotic coronary arteries detected in vivo: a new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter","volume":"99","author":"Stefanadis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(96)00203-3","article-title":"Differential progression of complex culprit stenoses in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198405033101801","article-title":"Thrombosis and acute coronary-artery lesions in sudden cardiac ischemic death","volume":"310","author":"Davies","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200009283431303","article-title":"Multiple complex coronary plaques in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"343","author":"Goldstein","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.7.934","article-title":"Healed plaque ruptures and sudden coronary death: evidence that subclinical rupture has a role in plaque progression","volume":"103","author":"Burke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012295","article-title":"Widespread coronary inflammation in unstable angina","volume":"347","author":"Buffon","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.657","article-title":"Coronary plaque disruption","volume":"92","author":"Falk","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.47.3.239","article-title":"Measurement of serum C-reactive protein concentration in myocardial ischaemia and infarction","volume":"47","author":"de Beer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90079-G","article-title":"Elevation of C-reactive protein in \u201cactive\u201d coronary artery disease","volume":"65","author":"Berk","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361401","article-title":"Inflammation, aspirin, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in apparently healthy men","volume":"336","author":"Ridker","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.8.731","article-title":"Prospective study of C-reactive protein and the risk of future cardiovascular events among apparently healthy women","volume":"98","author":"Ridker","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R28","first-page":"369","article-title":"T lymphocytes in aortic and coronary intimas. Their potential role in atherogenesis","volume":"130","author":"Emeson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.6.2.131","article-title":"Regional accumulations of T cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the human atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"6","author":"Jonasson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117619","article-title":"Increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases and matrix degrading activity in vulnerable regions of human atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"94","author":"Galis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.77.904.94","article-title":"New insights into atherosclerotic plaque rupture","volume":"77","author":"Braganza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3090","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.12.3090","article-title":"Macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and tissue factor in unstable angina. Implications for cell-mediated thrombogenicity in acute coronary syndromes","volume":"94","author":"Moreno","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.5","article-title":"Vasoreactivity of the culprit lesion in unstable angina","volume":"90","author":"Bogaty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.1.198","article-title":"Specific platelet mediators and unstable coronary artery lesions. Experimental evidence and potential clinical implications","volume":"80","author":"Willerson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116670","article-title":"Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Implications for the mode of progression of advanced coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"92","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R36","first-page":"665","article-title":"Expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"140","author":"Poston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R37","first-page":"1427","article-title":"Adhesion molecules on the endothelium and mononuclear cells in human atherosclerotic lesions","volume":"141","author":"van der Wal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01501-7","article-title":"Mechanisms behind the prognostic value of troponin T in unstable coronary artery disease: a FRISC II substudy","volume":"38","author":"Lindahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.22.2557","article-title":"Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. The PURSUIT Investigators","volume":"101","author":"Boersma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0586","article-title":"Long-term prognosis in unstable angina. The importance of early risk stratification using continuous ST segment monitoring","volume":"19","author":"Patel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199207163270302","article-title":"The prognostic value of serum troponin T in unstable angina","volume":"327","author":"Hamm","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.9.1651","article-title":"Relation between troponin T and the risk of subsequent cardiac events in unstable coronary artery disease. The FRISC study group","volume":"93","author":"Lindahl","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199712043372302","article-title":"Emergency room triage of patients with acute chest pain by means of rapid testing for cardiac troponin T or troponin I","volume":"337","author":"Hamm","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015341","article-title":"Risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease. Additive value of troponin T determinations and pre-discharge exercise tests. FRISK Study Group","volume":"18","author":"Lindahl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.8.2578","article-title":"Applicability of cardiac troponin T and I for early risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease. TRIM Study Group. Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial ischemia","volume":"96","author":"Luscher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00200-8","article-title":"Prognostic role of troponin T versus troponin I in unstable angina pectoris for cardiac events with meta-analysis comparing published studies","volume":"81","author":"Olatidoye","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199610313351801","article-title":"Cardiac troponin T levels for risk stratification in acute myocardial ischemia. GUSTO IIA Investigators","volume":"335","author":"Ohman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90642-9","article-title":"The predictive value of silent ischemia at an exercise test before discharge after an episode of unstable coronary artery disease. RISC Study Group","volume":"123","author":"Nyman","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R49","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Risk stratification in unstable coronary artery disease\u2014exercise test and troponin T from a gender perspective. FRISC-Study Group. Fragmin during InStability in Coronary artery disease","volume":"35","author":"Safstrom","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0867","article-title":"Unstable coronary artery disease in post-menopausal women. Identifying patients with significant coronary artery disease by basic clinical parameters and exercise test. IRIS Study Group","volume":"19","author":"Safstrom","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00136-3","article-title":"C-reactive protein is a potent predictor of mortality independently of and in combination with troponin T in acute coronary syndromes: a TIMI 11A substudy. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction","volume":"31","author":"Morrow","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00458-5","article-title":"Incremental prognostic value of serum levels of troponin T and C-reactive protein on admission in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"82","author":"Rebuzzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(99)00018-8","article-title":"Independent prognostic value of C-reactive protein and troponin I in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction","volume":"42","author":"de Winter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01130-5","article-title":"The effect of aspirin on C-reactive protein as a marker of risk in unstable angina","volume":"37","author":"Kennon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6363(01)00534-X","article-title":"Genotype at a promoter polymorphism of the interleukin-6 gene is associated with baseline levels of plasma C-reactive protein","volume":"53","author":"Vickers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540100055028","article-title":"Adding heparin to aspirin reduces the incidence of myocardial infarction and death in patients with unstable angina. A meta-analysis","volume":"276","author":"Oler","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)09457-3","article-title":"A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE)","volume":"348","author":"CAPRIE Steering Committee","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010746","article-title":"Effects of clopidogrel in addition to aspirin in patients with acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation","volume":"345","author":"Yusuf","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371007","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparins","volume":"337","author":"Weitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.4.287","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparins: an intriguing new twist with profound implications","volume":"98","author":"Antman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91270-2","volume":"347","author":"Low-molecular-weight heparin during instability in coronary artery disease, Fragmin during Instability in Coronary Artery Disease (FRISC) study group","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.1.61","article-title":"Persistent activation of coagulation mechanism in unstable angina and myocardial infarction","volume":"90","author":"Merlini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2520","article-title":"Alterations of coagulation and fibrinolytic and kallikrein-kinin systems in the acute and postacute phases in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"91","author":"Hoffmeister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07350-X","article-title":"Long-term low-molecular-mass heparin in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study","volume":"354","author":"FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease Investigators","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199708143370702","article-title":"A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for unstable coronary artery disease. Efficacy and Safety of Subcutaneous Enoxaparin in Non-Q-Wave Coronary Events Study Group","volume":"337","author":"Cohen","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.15.1593","article-title":"Enoxaparin prevents death and cardiac ischemic events in unstable angina\/non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 11B trial","volume":"100","author":"Antman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805213382103","article-title":"A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina","volume":"338","author":"Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management (PRISM) Study Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805213382102","article-title":"Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction","volume":"338","author":"Platelet Receptor Inhibition in Ischemic Syndrome Management in Patients Limited by Unstable Signs and Symptoms (PRISM-PLUS) Study Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390704","article-title":"Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Platelet glycoprotein iib\/iiia in unstable angina: receptor suppression using integrilin therapy","volume":"339","author":"The PURSUIT Trial Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.24.2386","article-title":"International, randomized, controlled trial of lamifiban (a platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor), heparin, or both in unstable angina. Platelet IIb\/IIIa Antagonism for the Reduction of Acute coronary syndrome events in a Global Organization Network","volume":"97","author":"The PARAGON Investigators","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R71","first-page":"316","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of titrated intravenous lamifiban for acute coronary syndromes","volume-title":"Circulation","year":"2002"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05060-1","article-title":"Effect of glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa receptor blocker abciximab on outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without early coronary revascularisation: the GUSTO IV-ACS randomised trial","volume":"357","author":"Simoons","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07442-1","article-title":"Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials","volume":"359","author":"Boersma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.2.201","article-title":"Increased mortality with oral platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa antagonists: a meta-analysis of phase iii multicenter randomized trials","volume":"103","author":"Chew","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.8.5760","article-title":"Glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa antagonists induce apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes by caspase-3 activation","volume":"275","author":"Adderley","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7J","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01921-X","article-title":"What is the role of intensive cholesterol lowering in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes?","volume":"88","author":"Waters","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.3.230","article-title":"Long-term effects of pravastatin on plasma concentration of C-reactive protein. The Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Investigators","volume":"100","author":"Ridker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420301","article-title":"Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators","volume":"342","author":"Yusuf","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R79","first-page":"1545","article-title":"Effects of tissue plasminogen activator and a comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of the TIMI IIIB Trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Ischemia","volume-title":"Circulation","year":"1994"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806183382501","article-title":"Outcomes in patients with acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction randomly assigned to an invasive as compared with a conservative management strategy. Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital (VANQWISH) Trial Investigators","volume":"338","author":"Boden","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)07349-3","article-title":"Invasive compared with non-invasive treatment in unstable coronary-artery disease: FRISC II prospective randomised multicentre study","volume":"354","author":"FRagmin and Fast Revascularisation during InStability in Coronary artery disease Investigators","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200106213442501","article-title":"Comparison of early invasive and conservative strategies in patients with unstable coronary syndromes treated with the glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban","volume":"344","author":"Cannon","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01503-0","article-title":"Use of risk stratification to identify patients with unstable angina likeliest to benefit from an invasive versus conservative management strategy","volume":"38","author":"Solomon","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0602.103584","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of a conservative, ischemia- guided management strategy after non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: results of a randomized trial","volume":"105","author":"Barnett","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2185","article-title":"The ENACT study: a pan-European survey of acute coronary syndromes. European Network for Acute Coronary Treatment","volume":"21","author":"Fox","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023042418234720500_R86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1999.1995","article-title":"Clinical outcomes, risk stratification and practice patterns of unstable angina and myocardial infarction without ST elevation: Prospective Registry of Acute Ischaemic Syndromes in the UK (PRAIS-UK)","volume":"21","author":"Collinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/78\/926\/717\/50040793\/postgradmedj-78-717.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/78\/926\/717\/50040793\/postgradmedj-78-717.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T18:24:54Z","timestamp":1682360694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/78\/926\/717\/7045953"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"926","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pmj.78.926.717","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2002,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,1]]}}}