{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T00:00:29Z","timestamp":1790640029471,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"929","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Osteoporosis is a very common disorder, which results in an increase in fracture risk. The annual cost attributable to hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures in England and Wales is \u00a31.7 billion. Significant mortality and morbidity are associated with osteoporotic fractures. The method that is most widely used for the diagnosis of osteoporosis is dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The aim of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis is to prevent the occurrence of future fractures. Lifestyle changes should be encouraged in high risk patients. Pharmacological treatments include the bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, selective oestrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, the 1\u201334 fragment of parathyroid hormone, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and calcitriol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.929.133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T23:08:34Z","timestamp":1050448114000},"page":"133-138","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["What is osteoporosis?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital , Southampton"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042409412786200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01880454","article-title":"Prophylaxis and treatment of osteoporosis","volume":"1","author":"Consensus Development Conference","year":"1991","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2023042409412786200_R2","volume-title":"Osteoporosis: clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment","author":"Royal College of Physicians","year":"1999"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023042409412786200_R3","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Osteoporosis: review of the evidence for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"8","author":"Eddy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2023042409412786200_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-2712(18)30046-5","article-title":"Epidemiology of fractures and assessment of fracture risk","volume":"20","author":"Black","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"2023042409412786200_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01622200","article-title":"Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a synopsis of the WHO report","volume":"4","author":"Kanis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Osteoporosis Int"},{"key":"2023042409412786200_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650070902","article-title":"Perspective. 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