{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T06:57:06Z","timestamp":1761893826281},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"929","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]],"date-time":"2003-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1046476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>People with developmental disabilities are at considerable risk for the development of comorbid psychiatric conditions. Psychopharmacological treatments may have a crucial role in a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the management of psychopathology in this population. Psychiatric illnesses that are particularly amenable include mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHDs) and antidepressants, mood stabilisers, anxiolytics, antipsychotics, and stimulants should be considered, respectively. ADHD may also respond to \u03b12-agonists. Psychotropic agents such as \u03b2-antagonists can target aggressive, self injurious, and stereotypical behaviours and opioid antagonists may be helpful in treating self injurious behaviour and stereotypy. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, newer anticonvulsants, and atypical neuroleptics are preferred when treating psychiatric disorders among people with developmental disabilities. This paper will review the major studies of pharmacological treatment of mental illness in individuals with developmental disabilities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.79.929.139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,15]],"date-time":"2003-04-15T23:08:34Z","timestamp":1050448114000},"page":"139-146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Psychopharmacological treatments in persons with dual diagnosis of psychiatric disorders and developmental disabilities"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"R","family":"Antochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Child and Family Psychiatric Unit , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Stavrakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Child and Family Psychiatric Unit , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P C","family":"Emery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023042409411758700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(97)00016-4","article-title":"Psychopathology in children and adolescents with developmental disorders.","volume":"18","author":"Hardan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R2","first-page":"421","article-title":"Dual diagnosis-psychiatric disorders and mental retardation","volume-title":"Children with disabilities\u2014a medical primer","author":"Reber","year":"1992"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1352\/0895-8017(1997)102<0080:UOPMIO>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Use of psychotropic medications in Oklahoma: a statewide survey.","volume":"102","author":"Spreat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Ment Retard"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R4","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antipsychotic medication for challenging behaviour in people with learning disability","volume-title":"Cochrane database of systematic reviews","author":"Brylewski"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.1.17","article-title":"Epidemiology and prevalence of psychopathology in people with mental retardation.","volume":"62","author":"Borthwick-Duffy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R6","first-page":"11","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity and mental retardation","volume-title":"Psychiatric illness and mental retardation","author":"Corbett","year":"1979"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1985.tb02655.x","article-title":"The prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in mentally retarded adults.","volume":"72","author":"Lund","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2023042409411758700_R8","first-page":"179","article-title":"Antidepressants","volume-title":"Psychotropic medications and developmental disabilities. 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