{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1787017231461,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Chorea can be associated with autoimmune diseases such as antiphospholipid syndrome and has been associated with the isolated presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Chorea is a rare neurological manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying aPL-related chorea are still debated. One postulated mechanism is aPL or other autoantibody binding to brain-blood vessel endothelium, resulting in endothelial dysfunction secondary to a proinflammatory cascade, with sequalae of inflammation and local microthrombosis. Another postulated mechanism considers immune-mediated attack (aPL or antibasal ganglia antibodies) against specific basal ganglia epitopes. Here, we report a patient with isolated aPL-related chorea that followed a relapsing-remitting course. We highlight the role of brain metabolic imaging with fluorodeoxy glucose positron-emission tomography in the diagnostic workup of chorea and the challenges in the practical management of aPL-related chorea with symptomatic treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2022-003587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T13:21:26Z","timestamp":1665148886000},"page":"150-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antiphospholipid-related chorea"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-0117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mena","family":"Farag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverley J","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Thrombosis & Haemophilia Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomasin C","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090409193226000_23.2.150.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309106832"},{"key":"2025090409193226000_23.2.150.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donaldson I , Marsden CD , Schneider SA . Marsden's book of movement disorders. 1st edition. section 5: chorea. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012: 730\u2013889.","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780192619112.010.0642"},{"key":"2025090409193226000_23.2.150.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken349"},{"key":"2025090409193226000_23.2.150.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2011.03922.x"},{"key":"2025090409193226000_23.2.150.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.13432","article-title":"Antiphospholipid-related chorea: two case reports and role of metabolic imaging","volume":"9","author":"Lerjefors","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/pn-2022-003587","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T16:19:46Z","timestamp":1757002786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/pn-2022-003587"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/pn-2022-003587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pn-2022-003587","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]]}}}