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However, in other myopathies, it may be normal or only marginally raised, and rarely it is normal when the underlying pathology suggests that it should be very raised. Creatine kinase can also be raised in neurogenic disorders, and it can help in the investigation of some neurological disorders that are unrelated to neuromuscular disease. Finally, it may be discovered to be mysteriously elevated without a clear clinical correlate. Here, we examine each of these conundrums, beginning with the clinical problem at hand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2024-004422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T13:20:26Z","timestamp":1739798426000},"page":"323-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Serum creatine kinase: requesting and interpreting results"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jon","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Morriston Hospital, Swansea, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaafar","family":"Gailani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2005.09.004"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0491(00)00178-4"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/79.5.582"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880090905"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198512000-00010"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000003167"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880100308","article-title":"The time course of creatine kinase elevation following concentric needle EMG","volume":"10","author":"Levin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020451","article-title":"Myoglobin Concentration and Oxygen Stores in Different Functional Muscle Groups from Three Small Cetacean Species","volume":"11","author":"Arregui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2004","article-title":"Association Between SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Immune-Mediated Myopathy in Patients Who Have Died","volume":"78","author":"Aschman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001640"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1159\/000508747","article-title":"HyperCKemia in Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome","volume":"83","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-198205000-00002"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0801327"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.10053"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21310"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000007926"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awg012","article-title":"Demyelinating and axonal features of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with mutations of myelin-related proteins (PMP22, MPZ and Cx32): a clinicopathological study of 205 Japanese patients","volume":"126","author":"Hattori","year":"2003","journal-title":"Brain (Bacau)"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.69.6.806"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2010.05.001"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2014-001031","article-title":"Serum CK as a guide to the diagnosis of muscle disease","volume":"15","author":"Renard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-8-26","article-title":"Treatment of dysferlinopathy with deflazacort: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"8","author":"Walter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2022-003448"},{"key":"2025090409490813000_25.4.323.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmid J , Liesinger L , Birner-Gruenberger R , et al . 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