{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T04:28:56Z","timestamp":1793852936949,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation of the pituitary gland can be primary (without another underlying cause) or secondary (associated with a systemic inflammatory condition). Primary hypophysitis is very rare, among which xanthomatous hypophysitis as a histological type is extremely unusual. A woman in her late 50s presented with recurrent pituitary lesions over 20 years. Her general practitioner had diagnosed panhypopituitarism in her 30s; a decade later, she had presented to ophthalmology with visual loss and restricted visual fields, and a pituitary lesion was found. This recurred several times requiring multiple resections. Histopathology showed atypical inflammation in keeping with xanthomatous hypophysitis; this responded well to corticosteroid therapy. Xanthomatous hypophysitis is a rare form of steroid-responsive primary pituitary inflammation, to consider in the differential diagnosis of recurring pituitary lesions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/pn-2024-004430","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]],"date-time":"2025-01-30T13:20:30Z","timestamp":1738243230000},"page":"359-362","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Xanthomatous hypophysitis relapsing and remitting over two decades"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kabir Khan","family":"Nazeer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Royal Stoke University Hospital, Stoke-on-Trent, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salhin","family":"Alatrash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawsan","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ophthalmology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0037-454X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saiju","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, University of Birmingham Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2020.02.055","article-title":"Recurring Primary Xanthomatous Hypophysitis Behaving Like Pituitary Adenoma: Additional Case and Literature Review","volume":"138","author":"Mathkour","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.2","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis: a rare and often mistaken pituitary lesion","volume":"2015","author":"Gopal-Kothandapani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1385\/EP:15:4:351","article-title":"Xanthogranulomatous hypophysitis mimicking a pituitary neoplasm","volume":"15","author":"Yokoyama","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0009"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01180-1","article-title":"Typing of inflammatory lesions of the pituitary","volume":"25","author":"Warmbier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2004-0011"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.7","first-page":"43","article-title":"Lymphocytic hypophysitis associated with Behcet\u2019s disease: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"39","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuro Endocrinol Lett"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.06.011"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-019-09581-6","article-title":"Comprehensive Evaluation of Rare Pituitary Lesions: A Single Tertiary Care Pituitary Center Experience and Review of the Literature","volume":"30","author":"Cossu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Pathol"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-016-0736-z"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.11","first-page":"220","article-title":"Xanthomatous Hypophysitis Presenting in an Adolescent Girl: A Long-Term Follow-Up of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature","volume":"7","author":"Wong","year":"2021","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2970"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2011.08.041","article-title":"Xanthomatous hypophysitis","volume":"19","author":"Niyazoglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11547-019-01120-x","article-title":"Imaging findings in hypophysitis: a review","volume":"125","author":"Caranci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiol Med"},{"key":"2025090411375094000_25.4.359.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-010-0252-5","article-title":"Azathioprine as an alternative treatment in primary hypophysitis","volume":"14","author":"Papanastasiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pituitary"}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/pn-2024-004430","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T18:38:00Z","timestamp":1757011080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/pn-2024-004430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/pn-2024-004430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pn-2024-004430","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,30]]}}}