{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T23:49:02Z","timestamp":1780357742744,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1063","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3239,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory disorder of the oesophagus which has become increasingly recognised over recent years, although it remains underdiagnosed in many centres. It is characterised histologically by a significant eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophageal mucosa (&amp;gt;15 eosinophils per high powered field), and clinically with features of oesophageal dysfunction such a dysphagia, food impaction, and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) resistant dyspepsia. Fibrosis and oesophageal remodelling may occur and lead to oesophageal strictures. An allergic predisposition is common in the EoE population, which appears to be primarily food antigen driven in children and aeroallergen driven in adults. Evidence suggests that the pathogenesis of EoE is due to a dysregulated immunological response to an environmental allergen, resulting in a T helper type 2 (Th2) inflammatory disease and remodelling of the oesophagus in genetically susceptible individuals. Allergen elimination and anti-inflammatory therapy with corticosteroids are currently the mainstay of treatment; however, an increasing number of studies are now focused on targeting different stages in the disease pathogenesis. A greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms resulting in EoE will allow us to improve the therapeutic options available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2012-131403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T03:48:07Z","timestamp":1395287287000},"page":"282-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Eosinophilic oesophagitis: clinical presentation and pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bystrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bone and Joint Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & the London, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuala R","family":"O\u2019Shea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, University College Hospital , London , UK"},{"name":"Division of Medicine, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Rayne Institute, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041905565479700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2013-131843","article-title":"Eosinophilic oesophagitis: investigations and management","author":"Kumar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.09.024","article-title":"Natural history of primary eosinophilic esophagitis: a follow-up of 30 adult patients for up to 11.5 years","volume":"125","author":"Straumann","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(78)90710-2","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis in a patient with vigorous achalasia","volume":"74","author":"Landres","year":"1978","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01296781","article-title":"Esophageal eosinophilia with dysphagia. A distinct clinicopathologic syndrome","volume":"38","author":"Attwood","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.09.013","article-title":"Escalating incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis: a 20-year prospective, population-based study in Olten County, Switzerland","volume":"128","author":"Hruz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2009.06.023","article-title":"Epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis over three decades in Olmsted County, Minnesota","volume":"7","author":"Prasad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01512.x","article-title":"Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study","volume":"102","author":"Prasad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03795.x","article-title":"Eosinophilic oesophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia\u2013a prospective analysis","volume":"28","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.02.016","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: a prevalent disease in the United States that affects all age groups","volume":"134","author":"Kapel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.342","article-title":"Influence of race and gender on the presentation of eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Sperry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04199.x","article-title":"Correlation between eosinophilic oesophagitis and aeroallergens","volume":"31","author":"Moawad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.02.040","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: updated consensus recommendations for children and adults","volume":"128","author":"Liacouras","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)01715-9","article-title":"Pollen and eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"112","author":"Fogg","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2012.02787.x","article-title":"Pediatric and adult eosinophilic esophagitis: similarities and differences","volume":"67","author":"Straumann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(05)00313-5","article-title":"Association of eosinophilic inflammation with esophageal food impaction in adults","volume":"61","author":"Desai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.05.017","article-title":"An audit of endoscopic complications in adult eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"5","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2008.02.003","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: analysis of food impaction and perforation in 251 adolescent and adult patients","volume":"6","author":"Straumann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2165\/11585450-000000000-00000","article-title":"Eosinophilic oesophagitis: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management","volume":"71","author":"Remedios","year":"2011","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(05)00885-2","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: a 10-year experience in 381 children","volume":"3","author":"Liacouras","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2006.07.021","article-title":"Familial dysphagia and eosinophilia","volume":"65","author":"Zink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.121458","article-title":"The use of skin prick tests and patch tests to identify causative foods in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"109","author":"Spergel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anai.2010.03.018","article-title":"Serum IgE measurement and detection of food allergy in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"104","author":"Erwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.017","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adults: a systematic review and consensus recommendations for diagnosis and treatment","volume":"133","author":"Furuta","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812798889385","article-title":"Revision of immunopathogenesis and laboratory interpretation for food allergy in atopic dermatitis","volume":"11","author":"Noh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2003.09.033","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis and the atopic march","volume":"112","author":"Spergel","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.03.001","article-title":"Elimination diet effectively treats eosinophilic esophagitis in adults; food reintroduction identifies causative factors","volume":"142","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821cf503","article-title":"Identification of specific foods responsible for inflammation in children with eosinophilic esophagitis successfully treated with empiric elimination diet","volume":"53","author":"Kagalwalla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-012-0608-x","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis in children and adolescents: epidemiology, clinical presentation and seasonal variation","volume":"48","author":"Sorser","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-301817","article-title":"Endoscopic assessment of the oesophageal features of eosinophilic oesophagitis: validation of a novel classification and grading system","volume":"62","author":"Hirano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.04.019","article-title":"The prevalence and diagnostic utility of endoscopic features of eosinophilic esophagitis: a meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.10.016","article-title":"Esophageal remodeling in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"119","author":"Aceves","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mpg.0000221906.06899.1b","article-title":"Severity of basal cell hyperplasia differs in reflux versus eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"42","author":"Steiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.178020","article-title":"Local B cells and IgE production in the oesophageal mucosa in eosinophilic oesophagitis","volume":"59","author":"Vicario","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.547","article-title":"Common variants at 5q22 associate with pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"42","author":"Rothenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.10.024","article-title":"IL-13 involvement in eosinophilic esophagitis: transcriptome analysis and reversibility with glucocorticoids","volume":"120","author":"Blanchard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2007.12.045","article-title":"Atopic characteristics of adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"6","author":"Roy-Ghanta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.119917","article-title":"Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis is associated with a T(H)2-type allergic inflammatory response","volume":"108","author":"Straumann","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.11.016","article-title":"Predictive values for skin prick test and atopy patch test for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"119","author":"Spergel","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-010-1259-5","article-title":"Fluticasone and food allergen elimination reverse sub-epithelial fibrosis in children with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"56","author":"Abu-Sultaneh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-007-6527-y","article-title":"Eosinophils in the pathogenesis of allergic airways disease","volume":"64","author":"Trivedi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.01937.x","article-title":"Treatment with topical steroids downregulates IL-5, eotaxin-1\/CCL11, and eotaxin-3\/CCL26 gene expression in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"103","author":"Lucendo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-011-1540-4","article-title":"Omalizumab in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis and food allergy","volume":"170","author":"Rocha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10224","article-title":"An etiological role for aeroallergens and eosinophils in experimental esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Mishra","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.2.1080","article-title":"TLR3- and Th2 cytokine-dependent production of thymic stromal lymphopoietin in human airway epithelial cells","volume":"179","author":"Kato","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1038\/86365","article-title":"A pathological function for eotaxin and eosinophils in eosinophilic gastrointestinal inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Hogan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2012.202","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of major basic protein, eotaxin-3, and leukotriene enzyme staining in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"107","author":"Dellon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1106469","article-title":"Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma","volume":"365","author":"Corren","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R48","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2001.118600","article-title":"IL-13 induces eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5- and eotaxin-dependent mechanism","volume":"108","author":"Pope","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.10.039","article-title":"A striking local esophageal cytokine expression profile in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"127","author":"Blanchard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1106653","article-title":"Critical role for adaptive T cell immunity in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis in mice","volume":"81","author":"Mishra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2003.07.007","article-title":"Intratracheal IL-13 induces eosinophilic esophagitis by an IL-5, eotaxin-1, and STAT6-dependent mechanism","volume":"125","author":"Mishra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2013.21","article-title":"Pathogenesis of allergen-induced eosinophilic esophagitis is independent of interleukin (IL)-13","volume":"91","author":"Niranjan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0185(199811)252:3<418::AID-AR10>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Eosinophil infiltration and degranulation in normal human tissue","volume":"252","author":"Kato","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.584","article-title":"Marked deposition of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"105","author":"Kephart","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mcg.0000212639.52359.f1","article-title":"Distinguishing eosinophilic esophagitis in pediatric patients: clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features of an emerging disorder","volume":"41","author":"Aceves","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1159\/000331326","article-title":"Distinctive blood eosinophilic phenotypes and cytokine patterns in eosinophilic esophagitis, inflammatory bowel disease and airway allergy","volume":"3","author":"Johnsson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Innate Immun"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-12-10","article-title":"Analysing the eosinophil cationic protein\u2013a clue to the function of the eosinophil granulocyte","volume":"12","author":"Bystrom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.1999.00542.x","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP): molecular and biological properties and the use of ECP as a marker of eosinophil activation in disease","volume":"29","author":"Venge","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-007-9032-4","article-title":"Eosinophil cationic protein stimulates TGF-beta1 release by human lung fibroblasts in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Zagai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.08.050","article-title":"Mast cells infiltrate the esophageal smooth muscle in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis, express TGF-beta1, and increase esophageal smooth muscle contraction","volume":"126","author":"Aceves","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31802c0d06","article-title":"Activated mucosal mast cells differentiate eosinophilic (allergic) esophagitis from gastroesophageal reflux disease","volume":"44","author":"Kirsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2010.04.009","article-title":"Involvement of mast cells in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"126","author":"Abonia","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-009-0034-2","article-title":"Eosinophilic esophagitis: concepts, controversies, and evidence","volume":"11","author":"Putnam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2010.09.019","article-title":"Esophageal eosinophilic infiltration responds to proton pump inhibition in most adults","volume":"9","author":"Molina-Infante","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e50037","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050037","article-title":"Omeprazole blocks STAT6 binding to the Eotaxin-3 promoter in eosinophilic esophagitis cells","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.109.152702","article-title":"Lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, mediates anti-inflammatory effect in gastric mucosal cells through the induction of heme oxygenase-1 via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 and oxidation of kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1","volume":"331","author":"Takagi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1996.v111.pm8898633","article-title":"Dilated intercellular spaces: a morphological feature of acid reflux-damaged human esophageal epithelium","volume":"111","author":"Tobey","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2050.2008.00896.x","article-title":"Is the etiology of eosinophilic esophagitis in adults a response to allergy or reflux injury? Study of cellular proliferation markers","volume":"22","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis Esophagus"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12096","article-title":"Anti-eosinophil activity and clinical efficacy of the CRTH2 antagonist OC000459 in eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"68","author":"Straumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e318290d15a","article-title":"Early life exposures as risk factors for pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"57","author":"Jensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2657","article-title":"Commensal bacteria-derived signals regulate basophil hematopoiesis and allergic inflammation","volume":"18","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.06.081","article-title":"Inverse association of esophageal eosinophilia with Helicobacter pylori based on analysis of a US pathology database","volume":"141","author":"Dellon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.09.007","article-title":"Anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) therapy for eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"118","author":"Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2009.178558","article-title":"Anti-interleukin-5 antibody treatment (mepolizumab) in active eosinophilic oesophagitis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial","volume":"59","author":"Straumann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.07.044","article-title":"An antibody against IL-5 reduces numbers of esophageal intraepithelial eosinophils in children with eosinophilic esophagitis","volume":"141","author":"Assa'ad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2023041905565479700_R77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2011.11.044","article-title":"Reslizumab in children and adolescents with eosinophilic esophagitis: results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"129","author":"Spergel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Postgraduate Medical Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/90\/1063\/282\/50020046\/postgradmedj-90-282.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article-pdf\/90\/1063\/282\/50020046\/postgradmedj-90-282.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T06:06:59Z","timestamp":1681884419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pmj\/article\/90\/1063\/282\/6992103"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"references-count":77,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1063","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2012-131403","relation":{},"ISSN":["0032-5473","1469-0756"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0032-5473","type":"print"},{"value":"1469-0756","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2014,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,19]]}}}