{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:39:51Z","timestamp":1780922391090,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1101","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]],"date-time":"2016-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sarcoidosis is a chronic, multisystem disease characterised by non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation of unknown aetiology. Most commonly, the lungs, lymph nodes, skin and eyes are affected in sarcoidosis; however, nervous system involvement occurs in approximately 5%\u201315% of cases. Any part of the nervous system can be affected by sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Cases<\/jats:title><jats:p>Herein we describe three unusual patient presentations of neurosarcoidosis, one with optic neuritis, a second with hydrocephalus and a third with cervical myelopathy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>We include pertinent details about their presentations, imaging findings, pathology, management and clinical course.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2016-134475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T03:10:40Z","timestamp":1480993840000},"page":"401-405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Neurosarcoidosis: unusual presentations and considerations for diagnosis and management"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2204-5077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walid","family":"Radwan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Lucke-Wold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim Ahmed","family":"Robadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kymberly","family":"Gyure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041308202437800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0b013e31824121a8","article-title":"Presumed intramedullary spinal cord sarcoidosis in a healthy young adult woman","volume":"91","author":"Eby","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am Jf Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2023041308202437800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.02.035","article-title":"An atypical form of neurosarcoidosis","volume":"34","author":"Quenardelle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev Med Interne"},{"key":"2023041308202437800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/NRL.0b013e3181c92a72","article-title":"Neurosarcoidosis: presentations and management","volume":"16","author":"Terushkin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"key":"2023041308202437800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0b013e32833c86df","article-title":"A pragmatic approach to diagnosing and treating neurosarcoidosis in the 21st century","volume":"16","author":"Hoitsma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"key":"2023041308202437800_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcp042","article-title":". 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