{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:15:53Z","timestamp":1761844553586,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,6]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cauda equina syndrome refers to dysfunction of the cauda equina, the collection of ventral and dorsal lumbar, sacral and coccygeal nerve roots that surround the filum terminale. This most commonly occurs as a result of compression by a herniated lumbosacral disc. However, the syndrome may also complicate metastatic cancer or a primary neoplasm within or infiltrating the spinal canal. An accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to avoid irreversible loss of neurological function. The clinician and radiologist must therefore be aware of the many possible causes to guide timely management. Here we review the diverse neoplastic causes affecting the cauda equina nerve roots from a neuroimaging-based perspective. We divide them by location into intramedullary neoplasms at the conus (such as astrocytoma), intradural\u2013extramedullary neoplasms (such as schwannoma and leptomeningeal metastases) and extradural neoplasms (such as spinal metastases from systemic neoplasms). We also discuss the clinical features associated with cauda equina tumours, with special focus on cauda equina syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T22:18:48Z","timestamp":1444169928000},"page":"35-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Neoplastic cauda equina syndrome: a neuroimaging-based review"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shelby J","family":"Bennett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory L","family":"Katzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond P","family":"Roos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amar S","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01402610"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)90263-1"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1201\/b14430-25","article-title":"Disorders of the spinal cord and anterior horn cells","volume-title":"Neurology board review: an illustrated study guide","volume":"\u2013","author":"Mowzoon","year":"2007"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01541785"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.20.6.g00nv151721"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.182.3.1535896"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.7","unstructured":"Wiestler OD , Schiffer D , Coons SW , et al . Myxopapillary ependymoma. In: Kleihues P , Cavenee WK , eds. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the central nervous system. 3rd edn. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2000:78\u20139."},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.70.1.0050"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.197.3.7480734"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.5.0601","article-title":"Postoperative recovery of complete sudden paraplegia due to lumbar schwannoma: case report","volume":"2","author":"Mahadewa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1995.83.4.0621"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.158.6.1590138"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.183.3.1830629"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-007-0345-7"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1989.71.6.0842"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2003.14.6.2","article-title":"Spinal meningiomas: surgical management and outcome","volume":"14","author":"Gottfried","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19830101)51:1<154::AID-CNCR2820510130>3.0.CO;2-K"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.05.029","article-title":"Oligodendroglioma presenting intradural spinal metastases: an unusual cause of caudaequina syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Fayeye","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.49.2.452"},{"key":"2025090411264798000_16.1.35.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2010.03.022"}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T18:26:53Z","timestamp":1757010413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2015-001236","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1474-7758"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1474-7766"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}}}