{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:22:31Z","timestamp":1789777351937,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Malnutrition and weight loss, due to suboptimal oral intake, are common in patients with neurological disorders and are associated with increased morbidity, disability and mortality. The nutritional management of neurological patients is crucial, and enteral feeding is commonly used to provide nutritional support. This review presents the different methods of enteral tube feeding and discusses its practice and efficacy in terms of clinical outcomes in the context of motor neurone disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and stroke.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]],"date-time":"2016-05-05T20:41:33Z","timestamp":1462480893000},"page":"352-361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Enteral feeding in neurological disorders"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Theocharis","family":"Stavroulakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167898","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/167898","article-title":"Malnutrition in patients with acute stroke","volume":"2011","author":"Bouziana","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533613476554"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2011.00413.x"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-015-0891-2","article-title":"Weight loss and undernutrition in community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer's dementia","volume":"48","author":"Droogsma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-014-0078-2","article-title":"Malnutrition and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"3","author":"Sheard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.09.003","article-title":"Older adults and patients in need of nutritional support: Review of current treatment options and factors influencing nutritional intake","volume":"29","author":"Nieuwenhuizen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2014.11.015","article-title":"Malnutrition and undernutrition","volume":"43","author":"Saunders","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820410020349","article-title":"Nutritional management in MND\/ALS patients: an evidence based review","volume":"5","author":"Heffernan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neurone Disord"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.04.004","article-title":"A review of reviews: a new look at the evidence for oral nutritional supplements in clinical practice","volume":"2","author":"Stratton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nutri Suppl"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0853","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of bulbar symptoms in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"4","author":"Kuhnlein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pmj.78.918.198"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.33574","article-title":"A primer of nutritional support for gastroenterologists","volume":"122","author":"Klein","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2006.01.013","article-title":"Managing the patient journey through enteral nutritional care","volume":"25","author":"Howard","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy versus nasogastric tube feeding for adults with swallowing disturbances","volume":"5","author":"Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v2.i5.155","article-title":"Endoscopic placement of enteral feeding tubes","volume":"2","author":"Rafferty","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.10.009","article-title":"Enteral access in adults","volume":"34","author":"Toussaint","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.17","first-page":"CD008875","article-title":"Post-pyloric versus gastric tube feeding for preventing pneumonia and improving nutritional outcomes in critically ill adults","volume":"8","author":"Alkhawaja","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database System Reviews"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.52.suppl_7.vii1"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2001.0782"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0884533614536737"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2005.06.013","article-title":"Consensus Statement; ESPEN guidelines on Artificial enteral nutrition\u2014percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG)","volume":"24","author":"L\u00f6ser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2006.02.002"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02024"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(03)00058-8"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2010.4.S1.S25"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.26","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Care and Excellence. Nutrition support for adults: oral nutrition support, enetral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition. London: NICE, 2006."},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i26.8505"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2013-000609"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X12467564"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68307-4"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.04.001","article-title":"ESPEN Guidelines on Parenteral Nutrition: home parenteral nutrition (HPN) in adult patients","volume":"28","author":"Staun","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39493.511759.BE"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24761"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02586.x"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820410019675","article-title":"Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: neurological and dysphagia specific rating scales","volume":"5","author":"Kidney","year":"2004","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neurone Disord"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000135","article-title":"The evidence for symptomatic treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"27","author":"Jenkins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bc0141"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2005.01351.x"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.723722","article-title":"Gastrostomy use in motor neurone disease (MND): a review, meta-analysis and survey of current practice","volume":"14","author":"Stavroulakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00104-0","article-title":"Gastrostomy in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ProGas): a prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"ProGas Study","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-009-1307-8","article-title":"Mushroom-cage gastrostomy tube placement in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 5-year experience in 104 patients in a single institution","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Europ Radiol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.42","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enteral tube feeding for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\/motor neurone disease","volume":"1","author":"Katzberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00866922"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.1.99","article-title":"Early symptom progression rate is related to ALS outcome: a prospective population-based study","volume":"59","author":"Chio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.083402"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000336653.65605.ac"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820310011728","article-title":"Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in patients with ALS and bulbar dysfunction","volume":"4","author":"Mitsumoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Sclerosis Other Motor Neurone Disord"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/14660820050515386","article-title":"Nutritional assessment and survival in ALS patients","volume":"1","author":"Desport","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler Other Motor Neurone Disord"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.069997"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-7646-2"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60222-1"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjspcare-2013-000497","article-title":"Factors influencing decision-making in relation to timing of gastrostomy insertion in patients with motor neurone disease","volume":"4","author":"Stavroulakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Support Palliat Care"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2010.487532"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-277X.2009.00966.x","article-title":"Clinical decision making and the provision of information in PEG feeding: an exploration of patients and their carers\u2019 perceptions","volume":"22","author":"Brotherton","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Human Nutri Diet"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.704925","article-title":"Eating-derived pleasure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a predictor of non-oral feeding","volume":"13","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr351"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.57","unstructured":"Lewis F , Karlsberg Schaffer S , Sussex J , et al . The trajectory of dementia in the UK\u2014making a difference: Office of Health Economics Consulting, 2014."},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61349-9"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1412652"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12448"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03320.x"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.282.14.1365"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampson EL , Candy B , Jones L . Enteral tube feeding for older people with advanced dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;2. doi:10.1002\/14651858.CD007209.pub2","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007209.pub2"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2012.04148.x"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S53153","article-title":"The role of gastrostomy tube placement in advanced dementia with dysphagia: a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Goldberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7042456"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.67","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Care and Excellence. Dementia: supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care. London: NICE, 2006."},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.09.004","article-title":"ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in dementia","volume":"34","author":"Volkert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Nutri"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6804-z"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2011.11.006"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S2006","article-title":"Current approaches to the treatment of Parkinson's disease","volume":"4","author":"Jankovic","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-015-9671-9","article-title":"Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"31","author":"Suttrup","year":"2016","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-015-0362-9","article-title":"Rate of aspiration pneumonia in hospitalized Parkinson's disease patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Martinez-Ramirez","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22705"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2014.10.011","article-title":"Body weight and food intake in Parkinson's disease. A review of the association to non-motor symptoms","volume":"84","author":"Aiello","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.77","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. Parkinson's disease: national clinical guideline for diagnosis and management in primary and secondary care. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2006."},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2011-000269"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17996-3","article-title":"Stroke and nutrition: FOOD for thought","volume":"365","author":"Donnan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2015.24.3.138","article-title":"Enteral tube feeding for dysphagic stroke patients","volume":"24","author":"Rowat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brit J Nurs"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66691-3"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.82","first-page":"CD000323","article-title":"Interventions for dysphagia and nutritional support in acute and subacute stroke","volume":"10","author":"Geeganage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025090409202711000_16.5.352.83","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Care and Excellence. Stroke and transient ischaemic attack in over 16s: diagnosis and initial management. London: NICE, 2008."}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001408","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T16:20:40Z","timestamp":1757002840000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2016-001408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,5]]}}}