{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:40:13Z","timestamp":1792708813939,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The field of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases has recently broadened to include a new condition associated with pathogenic serum antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG). This is distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). MOG antibody-associated disease phenotypes are varied and range from classical neuromyelitis optica to acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis and cortical encephalitis. The diagnosis depends on using a reliable, specific and sensitive assay of the antibody. Clinical and imaging features of MOG-associated syndromes overlap with AQP4 antibody NMOSD but can be usually distinguished from MS: in particular, the silent lesions typical of MS that progressively increase lesion volume are rare in MOG antibody disease. The disease can relapse but medium-term immunosuppression appears to be protective. Permanent disability, particularly severe ambulatory and visual disability, is less frequent than in AQP4 antibody NMOSD and usually results from the onset attack. However, sphincter and sexual dysfunction after a transverse myelitis is common. Here we review the practical aspects of diagnosing and managing a patient with MOG antibody-associated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2017-001787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,8]],"date-time":"2018-12-08T17:15:18Z","timestamp":1544289318000},"page":"187-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease: practical considerations"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Maciej","family":"Jury\u0144czyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Winchester, UK"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Walton Centre, Liverpool, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Palace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe University Hospital, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(91)90014-X"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2047"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00124-7"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/112.4.895"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-8-184","article-title":"Complement activating antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders","volume":"8","author":"Mader","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022328"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1488"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000089"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31826aac4e"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5857","article-title":"Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with aquaporin-4 and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies: a comparative study","volume":"71","author":"Kitley","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000101"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21916"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228c0b1"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e322","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000322","article-title":"MOG antibody-positive, benign, unilateral, cerebral cortical encephalitis with epilepsy","volume":"4","author":"Ogawa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.3196","article-title":"Seizures and encephalitis in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG disease vs aquaporin 4 IgG disease","volume":"75","author":"Hamid","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3128","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx276","article-title":"Clinical presentation and prognosis in MOG-antibody disease: a UK study","volume":"140","author":"Jurynczyk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2025090411165604000_19.3.187.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0717-1","article-title":"MOG-IgG in NMO and related disorders: a multicenter study of 50 patients. 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