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The most relevant sonographic features are nerve size and structural integrity. Several peripheral neuropathies show characteristic and distinct patterns of nerve enlargement, allowing their early and accurate identification, and reducing test-burden and diagnostic delay for patients. In mononeuropathies such as carpal tunnel syndrome and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, nerve enlargement develops only at specific sites of entrapment, while in polyneuropathy the nerve enlargement may be multifocal, regional or even diffuse. Nerve ultrasound scanning can reliably identify chronic inflammatory neuropathies, even when extensive electrodiagnostic studies fail, and it should therefore be embedded in routine diagnostic workup of peripheral neuropathies. In this paper we describe a potential diagnostic strategy to achieve this.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T08:27:39Z","timestamp":1612513659000},"page":"186-195","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ultrasound scanning in the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4065-9999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johan A","family":"Telleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid JT","family":"Herraets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H Stephan","family":"Goedee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Brain Center UMC Utrecht, UMC Utrecht Hersencentrum, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J Thies","family":"van Asseldonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leo H","family":"Visser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Elisabeth-TweeSteden Ziekenhuis, Tilburg, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090409255237000_21.3.186.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003293","article-title":"Prevalence of polyneuropathy in the general middle-aged and elderly population","volume":"87","author":"Hanewinckel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025090409255237000_21.3.186.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001160"},{"key":"2025090409255237000_21.3.186.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0250-9","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome in ten steps","volume":"15","author":"Leonhard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409255237000_21.3.186.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30144-9"},{"key":"2025090409255237000_21.3.186.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2010.00245.x","article-title":"European Federation of Neurological Societies\/Peripheral Nerve Society Guideline on management of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint task force of the European Federation of Neurological Societies and the Peripheral Nerve Society - 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