{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:25:01Z","timestamp":1790195101444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional vascular imaging focuses on non-invasive cross-sectional imaging to assess luminal morphology; however, the vessel wall itself may be specifically involved in many diseases. Newer pulse sequences, and particularly black blood MRI of intracranial vessels, have brought a paradigm shift in understanding the pathophysiology of many vasculopathies. Black blood MRI of intracranial vessel walls can help in a range of pathologies with differing pathophysiology, including intracranial atherosclerosis, aneurysms, vasculitis and vasculopathy, moyamoya disease, dissection and vertebrobasilar hypoplasia. This review highlights how vessel wall imaging can contribute to the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with intracranial vascular pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T13:21:29Z","timestamp":1609248089000},"page":"101-107","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Black blood imaging of intracranial vessel walls"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Joga","family":"Chaganti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Woodford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9111-0069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Tomlinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Dunkerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Brew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22592"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26152"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13112310"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1503946","article-title":"Cryptogenic stroke","volume":"374","author":"Saver","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med Overseas Ed"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A6202"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40809-016-0015-4"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2016.10.003","article-title":"Intracranial vessel wall imaging for evaluation of steno-occlusive diseases and intracranial aneurysms","volume":"44","author":"Brinjikji","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00140","article-title":"A high-resolution MRI study of relationship between remodeling patterns and ischemic stroke in patients with atherosclerotic middle cerebral artery stenosis","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000342470.69739.b3"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009037"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s40809-016-0014-5","article-title":"Intracranial vessel wall imaging: current applications and clinical implications","volume":"2","author":"Kontzialis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurovascular Imaging"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01032","article-title":"Vessel-wall magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial atherosclerotic plaque and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31827d1012"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2015.17.3.238"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2014.08.010","article-title":"Atherosclerotic arterial wall change of non-stenotic intracracranial arteries on high-resolution MRI at 3.0T: correlation with cerebrovascular risk factors and white matter hyperintensity","volume":"126","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493015609775"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2017.1.FOCUS16492"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.009412"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurad.2019.05.003","article-title":"Comparison of non-contrast vessel wall imaging and 3-D time-of-flight MRA for atherosclerotic stenosis and plaque characterization within intracranial arteries","volume":"47","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.05.005","article-title":"Intracranial aneurysm wall enhancement associated with aneurysm rupture: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"26","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4893"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018172879","article-title":"Circumferential thick enhancement at vessel wall MRI has high specificity for intracranial aneurysm instability","volume":"289","author":"Edjlali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.3171\/2018.4.JNS172829","article-title":"Vessel wall MRI characteristics of endovascularly treated aneurysms: association with angiographic vasospasm","volume":"131","author":"Mossa-Basha","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.11.012"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2012.00743.x"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3909"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5801"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.111.626184"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804622"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.114.004761"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.5.0712"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103223441206"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3296-5","article-title":"Feasibility of high-resolution MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial vertebrobasilar artery dissection","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1989-1"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3296-5","article-title":"Feasibility of high-resolution MR imaging for the diagnosis of intracranial vertebrobasilar artery dissection","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"2025090409271736000_21.2.101.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.158314","article-title":"Wall imaging for unilateral intracranial vertebral artery hypoplasia with three-dimensional high-isotropic resolution magnetic resonance images","volume":"128","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin Med J"}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T16:27:26Z","timestamp":1757003246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2020-002806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]]}}}