{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T17:48:25Z","timestamp":1790531305700,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pract Neurol"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations of the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor gene. It is an adult-onset leukodystrophy, with a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric manifestations that includes Parkinsonism, dementia, seizures, limb weakness, spasticity and abnormal motor behaviour. Alien-hand syndrome and mirror movements are rare manifestations of this and other neurodegenerative disorders. We describe a woman with progressive limb and trunk rigidity, Parkinsonism and dementia, who also had involuntary left arm levitation (part of the posterior variant of alien-hand syndrome) and left-hand mirror movements. We discuss the different types of alien-hand syndrome, and the likely mechanisms of arm levitation and mirror movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003237","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T07:45:18Z","timestamp":1658130318000},"page":"321-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alien-hand syndrome with mirror movements in hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Nikhil","family":"Dongre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Ambwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinita Elizabeth","family":"Mani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1132-5372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vimal Kumar","family":"Paliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hereditary diffuse leucoencephalopathy with spheroids","volume":"314","author":"Axelsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181a826c0"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828726a7"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21173"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-003-0149-4"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.448","article-title":"Arm Levitation as Initial Manifestation of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Case\u00a0Report and Review of the Literature","volume":"8","author":"Ciarlariello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.4.879","article-title":"Arm levitation in progressive supranuclear palsy","volume":"52","author":"Barclay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.8","first-page":"534","article-title":"[Alien hand syndrome: a review of the literature]","volume":"48","author":"Hidalgo-Borrajo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.5334\/tohm.225","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of alien hand syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Sarva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.10","article-title":"Mirror movements in movement disorders: a review","volume":"2","author":"Cox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6898-y"},{"key":"2025090412060755000_22.4.321.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318263575a"}],"container-title":["Practical Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003237","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T19:06:13Z","timestamp":1757012773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pn.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003237"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/practneurol-2021-003237","relation":{},"ISSN":["1474-7758","1474-7766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1474-7758","type":"print"},{"value":"1474-7766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]}}}