{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T22:54:50Z","timestamp":1787871290705,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,22]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mastectomy has many potential sources of pain. Rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) is a recently described plane block. The primary hypothesis of the study is that ultrasound-guided RIB combined with general anesthesia would accelerate global quality of recovery scores of patients following mastectomy surgery. Secondary hypothesis is that RIB would reduce postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, and the need for rescue analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients aged between 18 and 70 years, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I\u2013II and scheduled for an elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy surgery with axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to the study. Following endotracheal intubation, patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in the first group (group R) received ultrasound-guided RIB with 30\u2009mL 0.25% bupivacaine. In the control group (group C), no block intervention was applied. All patients received intravenous dexamethasone 8\u2009mg, dexketoprofen trometamol 50\u2009mg intraoperatively and tramadol 1\u2009mg\/kg 30\u2009min before the end of surgery for postoperative analgesia. All patients received intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia device at the arrival to the recovery room.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The descriptive variables of the patients were comparable between group R and group C. Mean quality of recovery-40 score at 24\u2009hours was 164.8\u00b13.9 in group R and 153.5\u00b15.2 in group C (mean difference 11.4 (95% CI 8.8 to 13.9; p&lt;0.001). At 24th hour, median morphine consumption was 5\u2009mg (IQR 4\u20137 mg) in group R and 10\u2009mg (IQR 8\u201313 mg) in group C, p&lt;0.001. Intraoperative fentanyl administration, pain scores and the need for rescue postoperative analgesia was similar between groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the current study, ultrasound-guided RIB promoted enhanced recovery and decreased opioid consumption after mastectomy surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ACTRN12619000879167.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2019-101114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T04:05:40Z","timestamp":1582171540000},"page":"277-282","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Evaluation of ultrasound-guided rhomboid intercostal nerve block for postoperative analgesia in breast cancer surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8165-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ba\u015fak","family":"Alt\u0131parmak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melike","family":"Korkmaz Toker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3320-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali Ihsan","family":"Uysal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University Training and Research Hospital, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zcan","family":"Dere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Surgery, Mu\u011fla Sitki Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bakiye","family":"U\u011fur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Mu\u011fla S\u0131tk\u0131 Ko\u00e7man University, Mu\u011fla, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000641"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480807400402","article-title":"Pain after mastectomy and breast reconstruction","volume":"74","author":"Vadivelu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2010.12.005"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.02.007"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.13498","article-title":"Rhomboid intercostal block","volume":"71","author":"Elsharkawy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2019.01.032","article-title":"The usage of single-shot ultrasound guided rhomboid intercostal block for analgesia after thoracotomy: clinical experience in two patients","volume":"56","author":"Alt\u0131parmak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2025101109102724000_45.4.277.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2018.12.006","article-title":"Rhomboid intercostal block in a modified radical mastectomy and axillary curettage patient; 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