{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T20:11:08Z","timestamp":1770754268222,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":5,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute pain medicine (APM) has been incorporated into healthcare systems in varied manners with some practices implementing a stand-alone acute pain service (APS) staffed by consultants who are not simultaneously providing care in the operating room (OR). In contrast, other practices have developed a concurrent OR-APS model where there is no independent team beyond the intraoperative care providers. There are theoretical advantages of each approach primarily with respect to patient outcomes and financial cost, and there is little evidence to instruct best practice. In this daring discourse, we present two opposing perspectives on whether or not APM should be a stand-alone service. While evidence to guide best practice is limited, our goal is to encourage discussion of the varied APS practice models and research into their impact on outcomes and costs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T13:03:27Z","timestamp":1612184607000},"page":"529-531","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Daring discourse: should acute pain medicine be a stand-alone service?"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0008-7121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres","family":"Missair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Division of Acute Pain Medicine, Bruce W Carter VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Visan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Executive Cortex Consulting, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Ivie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portalnd, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ralf E","family":"Gebhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Univ Miami, Miami, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Rivoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, New York University, new york, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1924-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn","family":"Woodworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portalnd, Oregon, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101111550142000_46.6.529.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31823c1030"},{"key":"2025101111550142000_46.6.529.2","first-page":"973","article-title":"Health care burden associated with outpatient opioid use following inpatient or outpatient surgery","volume":"25","author":"Brummett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"key":"2025101111550142000_46.6.529.3","first-page":"32107","article-title":"Persistent opioid use after open aortic surgery: risk factors, costs and consequences","volume":"S0003-4975","author":"Clement","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"2025101111550142000_46.6.529.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4181","article-title":"Health service use and quality of life recovery 12 months following major osteoporotic fracture: latent class analyses of the International costs and utilities related to osteoporotic fractures study (ICUROS)","author":"Talevski","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2025101111550142000_46.6.529.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-013-0375-y"}],"container-title":["Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T18:55:07Z","timestamp":1760208907000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]},"references-count":5,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102288","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-7339","1532-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-7339","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]]}}}