{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:53:44Z","timestamp":1787230424648,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","funder":[{"name":"Education Development Fund, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acute pain management in resource-poor countries remains a challenge. Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia is a cost-effective way of delivering analgesia in these settings. However, for financial and logistical reasons, educational workshops are inaccessible to many physicians in these environments. Telesimulation provides a way of teaching across distance by using simulators and video-conferencing software to connect instructors and students worldwide. We conducted a prospective study to determine the feasibility of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia teaching via telesimulation in Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eighteen Ethiopian orthopedic and emergency medicine house staff participated in telesimulation teaching of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block. This consisted of four 90-min sessions, once per week. Week 1 consisted of a precourse test and a presentation on aspects of performing a femoral nerve block, weeks 2 and 3 were live teaching sessions on scanning and needling techniques, and in week 4, the house staff undertook a postcourse test. All participants were assessed using a validated Global Rating Scale and Checklist.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Participants were provided with a validated checklist and global rating scale as a pretest and post-test. The participants showed significant improvement in their test scores, from a total mean of 51% in the pretest to 84% in their post-test.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Teaching ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia of the femoral nerve remotely via telesimulation is feasible. Telesimulation can greatly improve the accessibility of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia teaching to physicians in remote areas.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2020-102394","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T11:20:55Z","timestamp":1619436055000},"page":"722-726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia: feasibility and effectiveness of teaching via telesimulation in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Monica","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InnovationsCZ, San Francisco, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene","family":"Zaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"InnovationsCZ, Goma, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arun","family":"Nagdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Alameda County Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Finot","family":"Debebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mundenga Furaha","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cito Furaha","family":"Ruhangaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, HEAL Africa Hospital, Goma, Congo (the Democratic Republic of the)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haimanot","family":"Emiru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonas","family":"Belachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aklilu","family":"Tumebo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Black Lion Hospital, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6799-2081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcus","family":"Paoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Okrainec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6447-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahtsham U","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e3181d22fe0"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318269c189"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001411","article-title":"Untreated pain, narcotics regulation, and global health ideologies","volume":"10","author":"King","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-009-0572-6","article-title":"Telesimulation: an effective method for teaching the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery in resource-restricted countries","volume":"24","author":"Okrainec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Endosc"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001888-200407001-00018"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2011.01038.x"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12695","article-title":"Teaching ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia remotely: a feasibility study","volume":"60","author":"Burckett-St Laurent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000165"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.9","unstructured":"United Nations . Universal declaration of human rights. Available: http:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/universal-declaration-human-rights\/ [Accessed 18 Nov 2020]."},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afjem.2017.04.003","article-title":"A survey of emergency medicine and orthopaedic physicians' knowledge, attitude, and practice towards the use of peripheral nerve blocks","volume":"7","author":"Zewdie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Afr J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acem.12154"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.12","unstructured":"VARK . VARK a guide to learning styles. Available: http:\/\/vark-learn.com [Accessed 18 Nov 2020]."},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11152\/mu.2013.2066.152.sfs1gs2"},{"key":"2025101110034347000_46.8.722.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13803390500205718"}],"container-title":["Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102394","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T17:03:55Z","timestamp":1760202235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102394"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rapm-2020-102394"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2020-102394","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-7339","1532-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-7339","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]}}}