{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:36:45Z","timestamp":1787017005846,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of catheter-directed cervical interlaminar epidural steroid injection with triamcinolone compared with cervical transforaminal steroid injection with dexamethasone for the treatment of refractory unilateral radicular pain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prospective, randomized, comparative trial.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with \u226550% Numeric Rating Scale \u2018dominant pain\u2019 (the greater of arm vs neck) reduction from baseline. Secondary outcomes included \u226530%\u2009Neck Disability Index reduction and Patient Global Impression of Change response indicating \u2018much improved\u2019 or \u2018very much improved\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data from 117 participants (55.6% women; 52.3\u00b112.5 years of age; body mass index, 28.2\u00b16.5\u2009kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were analyzed. The proportion of participants who experienced \u226550%\u2009pain reduction at 1 month, 3 months, and 6\u2009months has been previously reported. At 1\u2009year, 61.2% (95% CI, 46.9% to 73.9%) of the catheter group compared with 51.9% (95% CI, 38.4% to 65.2%) of the transforaminal group reported \u226550% \u2018dominant\u2019 pain reduction (p=0.35). The proportion of participants who experienced \u226530% improvement in Neck Disability Index score was 60.4% (95% CI, 45.9% to 73.3%) and 47.1% (95% CI, 33.7% to 60.8%) in the catheter and transforaminal groups (p=0.18). Patient Global Impression of Change improvement was similar in both groups: 60.5% (95% CI, 44.2% to 74.8%) and 57.5% (95% CI, 41.7% to 71.9%) of the catheter and transforaminal groups reported being \u2018much improved\u2019 or \u2018very much improved\u2019, respectively (p=0.79).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both cervical catheter-directed interlaminar epidural injection and cervical transforaminal steroid injection were effective in reducing pain and disability in the majority of participants with refractory unilateral cervical radiculopathy for up to 1\u2009year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2021-102514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T11:19:05Z","timestamp":1620991145000},"page":"813-819","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["One-year results from a randomized comparative trial of targeted steroid injection via epidural catheter versus standard transforaminal epidural injection for the treatment of unilateral cervical radicular pain"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8871-0792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron","family":"Conger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard W","family":"Kendall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beau P","family":"Sperry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shellie","family":"Cunningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Michael","family":"Henrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaru","family":"Teramoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-8745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary L","family":"McCormick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090414413894000_46.9.813.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.2.325"},{"key":"2025090414413894000_46.9.813.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.36076\/ppj.2007\/10\/185","article-title":"Epidural steroids in the management of chronic spinal pain: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Abdi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain Physician"},{"key":"2025090414413894000_46.9.813.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnz127","article-title":"The effectiveness of Fluoroscopically guided cervical Transforaminal epidural steroid injection for the treatment of radicular pain; 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