{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:16:54Z","timestamp":1767626214698,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recalcitrant complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type 1 is a devastating condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We report a case of a patient in their twenties with left hand and forearm CRPS type I, transiently responsive to spinal cord stimulation, thoracic sympathectomy, and multimodal analgesia. The investigators initiated a trial of a single-shot erector spinae plane block at the T2 level, resulting in a clinically significant improvement in pain, function, vasomotor and sudomotor symptoms transiently for a 36-hour interval. As a result, a permanent e-port catheter implantation under combined ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance was trialed. Two-year follow-up of the continuous erector spinae plane block (CESPB) indicated an 80% reduction in pain scores from baseline, and a 50% reduction in opiate consumption, with a clinically significant reduction in swelling, color changes, allodynia, and temperature asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recalcitrant CRPS type 1 is a challenging life-altering condition that results in a cyclical triad of chronic pain, disability, and impaired psychosocial health. The profound and prolonged analgesic response to CESPB, highlights the clinical utility of this technique, and warrants more clinical investigation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T11:48:57Z","timestamp":1649418537000},"page":"434-436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Two years follow-up of continuous erector spinae plane block in a patient with upper extremity complex regional pain syndrome type I"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-4002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Forero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rami A","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip Lung","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Maida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Anesthesia, McMaster University Michael G DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.03.030","article-title":"Complex regional pain syndrome: a narrative review for the practising clinician","volume":"123","author":"Shim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000451"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-017-1010-1","article-title":"Erector spinae plane block for the management of chronic shoulder pain: a case report","volume":"65","author":"Forero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100064"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008313430911"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2018.07.026","article-title":"A new hypothesis for the pathophysiology of complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"119","author":"Russo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000192162.99567.96"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12035"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002918.pub3"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-018-1097-z","article-title":"Long-Term continuous erector spinae plane block for palliative pain control in a patient with pleural mesothelioma","volume":"65","author":"Ramos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s12630-021-02177-x","article-title":"Horner syndrome following high thoracic erector spinae plane block","volume":"69","author":"Forero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002733","article-title":"Harlequin syndrome associated with erector spinae plane block","volume":"131","author":"Sullivan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000005730","article-title":"Safety of continuous erector spinae catheters in chest trauma: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"133","author":"White","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6896.103"},{"key":"2025090414500608000_47.7.434.15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000466"}],"container-title":["Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2022-103611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T21:53:51Z","timestamp":1757022831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2022-103611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rapm-2022-103611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2022-103611","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-7339","1532-8651"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1098-7339"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1532-8651"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]]}}}