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The Perioperative Use of Cannabis and Cannabinoids Guidelines Committee was charged with drafting responses to the nine key questions using a modified Delphi method with the overall goal of producing a document focused on the safe management of surgical patients using cannabinoids. A consensus recommendation required \u226575% agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine questions were selected, with 100% consensus achieved on third-round voting. Topics addressed included perioperative screening, postponement of elective surgery, concomitant use of opioid and cannabis perioperatively, implications for parturients, adjustment in anesthetic and analgesics intraoperatively, postoperative monitoring, cannabis use disorder, and postoperative concerns. Surgical patients using cannabinoids are at potential increased risk for negative perioperative outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific clinical recommendations for perioperative management of cannabis and cannabinoids were successfully created.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]],"date-time":"2023-01-03T07:30:12Z","timestamp":1672731012000},"page":"97-117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["ASRA Pain Medicine consensus guidelines on the management of the perioperative patient on cannabis and cannabinoids"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5200-225X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shalini","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, UC Irvine Health, Orange, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3464-4149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric S","family":"Schwenk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1132-9066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rakesh V","family":"Sondekoppam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia, University of Iowa Healthcare, Iowa City, Iowa, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4975-3823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hance","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Univ Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Zakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel S","family":"Rzasa-Lynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Health, Aurora, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brent","family":"Yeung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Pain Advocacy Center, Golden, Colorado, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AABP Integrative Pain Care, Melville, New York, USA"},{"name":"Anesthesiology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5645-6355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"W Michael","family":"Hooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Division of Pain Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0260-4396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugene R","family":"Viscusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1849-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samer","family":"Narouze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Pain Medicine, Western Reserve Hospital, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101110413280000_48.3.97.1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 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