{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T18:31:12Z","timestamp":1784745072824,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There is evidence suggesting clinical benefits of regional anesthesia use in the setting of hip fracture repair, including reduced risk of death, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary complications and myocardial infarction. Thought the literature is mixed, the use of regional anesthesia in hip fracture surgery has not been studied for racial differences. We examined the association of race with neuraxial anesthesia and regional blocks in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program, we identified patients \u226518 years old who were either white, black or Asian and underwent hip fracture surgery from 2014 to 2020. We reported unadjusted estimates of both regional and neuraxial anesthesia use by race and examined sociodemographic characteristics and health status differences. Two separate multivariable logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association of race with the receipt of (1) neuraxial anesthesia and (2) regional block (ie, peripheral nerve blocks, fascial plane blocks).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were 104,949 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery, of whom 16,400 (15.6%) received a neuraxial anesthetic and 6264 (5.9%) received a regional block. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, compared with white patients, black patients (OR 0.67, 99%\u2009CI 0.59 to 0.75, p&lt;0.001) had decreased odds, while Asian patients (OR 2.04, 99%\u2009CI 1.84 to 2.26, p&lt;0.001) had increased odds for receipt of neuraxial anesthesia as a primary anesthetic. Black race (OR 1.35, 99%\u2009CI 1.17 to 1.55, p&lt;0.001) was associated with increased odds for receiving a regional block compared with white patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The study suggests that racial differences exist with the utilization of regional anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. While the results of this study should not be taken as evidence for healthcare disparities, it could be used to support hypotheses for future studies that aim to investigate causes of disparities and corresponding patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T09:55:13Z","timestamp":1675418113000},"page":"392-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Association of race and receipt of regional anesthesia for hip fracture surgery"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Adam N","family":"Schaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of California Health Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J","family":"Finneran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4443-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodney A","family":"Gabriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2019.4471","article-title":"Association of increasing use of spinal anesthesia in hip fracture repair with treating an aging patient population","volume":"155","author":"Maxwell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.02.002"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B5.35042","article-title":"General versus spinal anaesthesia for patients aged 70 years and older with a fracture of the hip","volume":"97-B","author":"Basques","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1399-7"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182545e7c"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.336"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2113514"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.01.069","article-title":"Does preoperative risk for delirium moderate the effects of postoperative pain and opiate use on postoperative delirium?","volume":"21","author":"Leung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.22647","article-title":"Effect of regional vs general anesthesia on incidence of postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery: the RagA randomized trial","volume":"327","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025101112595165000_48.8.392.10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . 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