{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T02:00:02Z","timestamp":1792980002446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ultrasonography may facilitate neuraxial blocks in obstetrics. This randomized controlled trial aimed to compare preprocedural ultrasonography with landmark palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>280 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status II\u2013III parturients with body mass index \u226535\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>, full-term singleton pregnancy, undergoing elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia, were randomly assigned to two equal groups (ultrasonography and palpation); preprocedural systematic ultrasound approach and conventional landmark palpation were performed, respectively. Patients and outcome assessors were blinded to the study group. All ultrasound and spinal anesthetic procedures were performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist. The primary outcome was the number of needle passes required to obtain free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Secondary outcomes were the number of skin punctures required to obtain free CSF flow, success rate at the first needle pass, success rate at the first skin puncture, duration of the spinal procedure, patient satisfaction and incidence of vascular puncture, paresthesia, failure to obtain CSF flow and failed spinal block.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There were no significant differences in primary or secondary outcomes between the two groups. The median (IQR) of the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow was 3 (1\u20137) in ultrasonography group and 3 (1\u20137) in palpation group; p=0.62.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Preprocedural ultrasonography did not decrease the number of needle passes required to obtain free CSF flow or improve other outcomes compared with landmark palpation during spinal anesthesia performed by a single experienced anesthesiologist in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>NCT03792191; <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03792191\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03792191<\/jats:ext-link>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T10:40:57Z","timestamp":1684147257000},"page":"41-48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ultrasonography versus palpation for spinal anesthesia in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2644-7794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Mohamed","family":"Tawfik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Critical Care, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ahmed","family":"Tolba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Critical Care, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olfat Mostafa","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Critical Care, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1561-0381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Medhat Mikhail","family":"Messeha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Critical Care, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318210f9f8"},{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjaed\/mkv048"},{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000331"},{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.5152\/TJAR.2018.90277","article-title":"Lumbar ultrasonography for obstetric neuraxial blocks: sonoanatomy and literature review","volume":"46","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim"},{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E132","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1245724","article-title":"Ultrasound guidance for neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics: a quantitative systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Schnabel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med"},{"issue":"mar26 1","key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f1720","article-title":"Ultrasound imaging for lumbar punctures and epidural catheterisations: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Shaikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025101112282056000_49.1.41.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000184","article-title":"Lumbar neuraxial ultrasound for spinal and epidural anesthesia. 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