{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:40:31Z","timestamp":1787017231873,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the contralateral oblique (CLO) view at 50\u00b0\u00b15\u00b0 is clinically useful for cervical epidural access, no previous studies have confirmed its safety. This prospective observational study was conducted to assess the safety profile, including the risk of dural puncture, in fluoroscopically guided cervical epidural access using the CLO view.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In cervical epidural access using the CLO view, the incidence of dural puncture was investigated as the primary outcome. Other intraprocedural complications, including intravascular entry, subdural entry, spinal cord injury and vasovagal injury, and postprocedural complications were investigated as secondary outcomes. Procedural variables including first-pass success, final success, needling time, total number of needle passes and false loss of resistance (LOR) were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of the 393 patients who underwent cervical interlaminar epidural access were included for analysis, no instances of dural puncture or spinal cord injury were observed. The incidence of intravascular entry, vasovagal reaction and subdural entry were 3.1%, 0.5% and 0.3%, respectively. All procedures were successfully performed, with 85.0% of first-pass success rate. The mean needling time was 133.8 (74.9) s. The false-positive and false-negative LOR rates were 8.2% and 2.0%, respectively. All needle tips were visualized clearly during the procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fluoroscopy-guided CLO view at 50\u00b0\u00b15\u00b0 avoided dural puncture or spinal cord injury and decreased the incidence of false LOR during cervical epidural access with a paramedian approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"clintrialgov\" xlink:href=\"NCT04774458\">NCT04774458<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  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Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2333-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seong-Soo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Woo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3875-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doo-Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of 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