{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T11:28:11Z","timestamp":1776079691883,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689897600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["802885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["802885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Opioid exposure after surgery increases risk of persistent opioid use. Here, we characterize at-home use of opioid rescue medication during 1\u20132 days after outpatient surgery (N=270) in a postoperative opioid-sparing context at a Norwegian hospital.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The postsurgical pain management plan included non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and up to six pills of 5 mg oxycodone as rescue analgesics. In this observational study we assessed risk factors for taking rescue opioids after surgery, by comparing patients who did, with those who did not.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Only 35% (N=228) of patients reported taking rescue opioids 1\u20132 days after discharge. Patients taking rescue opioids after surgery (opioid-takers) differed from non-takers by prevalence of preoperative chronic pain (&gt;3 months; 74% vs 48%), higher pain severity and interference before and after surgery, reporting lower ability to cope with postsurgical pain, higher nervousness about the surgery, being younger, and having received more opioid analgesics in the recovery room. Exploratory predictive modeling identified opioid administration in the recovery room as the most important predictor of at-home rescue medication use. Follow-up after &gt;4 months indicated low acute pain levels (mean\u00b1SD = 1.1\u00b11.8), with only four patients (2%, N=217) reporting opioid analgesic use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Factors related to at-home rescue medication use closely mirrored known risk factors for persistent opioid use after surgery, such as prior chronic pain, prior substance use, affective disturbances, and pain severity before surgery. These findings are potential targets in patient-centered care. Nevertheless, and reassuringly, findings are consistent with the idea that opioid-sparing postsurgical care can prevent large-scale chronic opioid use.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T08:05:55Z","timestamp":1689926755000},"page":"265-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Factors associated with use of opioid rescue medication after surgery"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7606-1059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabell M","family":"Meier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5103-919X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Eikemo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6021-6714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Tr\u00f8stheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaja","family":"Buen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eira","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siri","family":"Gurandsrud Karlsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5870-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silje E","family":"Reme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Pain Management and Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8258-7412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal","family":"Berna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Integrative and Complementary Medicine, Division of Anaesthesiology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6667-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siri","family":"Leknes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Computational Radiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5224-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gernot","family":"Ernst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Kongsberg Hospital, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Kongsberg, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101111123714000_49.4.265.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2021.11.008","article-title":"New persistent opioid use after surgery in patients with a history of remote opioid use","volume":"171","author":"Agarwal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2025101111123714000_49.4.265.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howard R , Brown CS , Lai Y-L , et al . 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