{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T20:38:21Z","timestamp":1778013501416,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thoracic sympathetic ganglion block (TSGB) is a procedure to manage sympathetically maintained upper extremity pain (sympathetically maintained pain). To date, only a few studies have evaluated the clinical effectiveness of TSGB in pain medicine. This study investigated (1) the relationship between technical success of TSGB and pain reduction in patients with chronic upper extremity pain and (2) relevant clinical factors for a positive TSGB outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We retrospectively reviewed medical data in 232 patients who received TSGB from 2004 to 2020. Technical success and a positive outcome of TSGB were defined as a temperature increase of \u22651.5\u00b0C at 20\u2009min and a pain reduction with \u22652 points on the 11-point Numerical Rating Scale at 2 weeks post-TSGB, respectively. Correlations were assessed using correlation coefficients (R), and multivariable regression model was used to identify factors relevant to TSGB outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>207 patients were ultimately analyzed; among them, 115 (55.5%) patients positively responded to TSGB, and 139 (67.1%) achieved technical success after TSGB. No significant relationship existed between the pain reduction and the temperature increase after TSGB (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>=0.013, p=0.855). Comorbid diabetes (OR 4.200) and adjuvant intake (OR 3.451) were positively associated, and psychiatric comorbidity (OR 0.327) and pain duration (OR 0.973) were negatively associated with TSGB outcome.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found no significant association between the temperature increase and pain reduction after TSGB. Further studies are warranted to identify significant factors associated with TSGB outcomes in patients with complex regional pain syndrome and neuropathic pain diseases.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T22:25:12Z","timestamp":1695162312000},"page":"528-535","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Thoracic sympathetic ganglion blocks: real-world outcomes in 207 chronic pain patients"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Jeongsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minsu","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew Hogyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept of Anesthesiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7552-1685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Faeiz","family":"Pauzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dept. of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yongjae","family":"Yoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-7750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Youn","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of)"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(97)03331-9"},{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(00)00230-X"},{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200003000-00003"},{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2009.22.2.146","article-title":"Comparison of the diagnostic validity of real and absolute skin temperature differences for complex regional pain syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Nahm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Pain"},{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0b013e318229bbee"},{"key":"2025101113074432000_49.7.528.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.10.088","article-title":"Does temperature increase by sympathetic neurolysis improve pain in complex regional pain syndrome? 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