{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:46:40Z","timestamp":1788191200377,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738627200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases","award":["K24AR080786-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24AR080786-02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Approximately 28% of children and adolescents undergoing major surgery develop chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP; pain persisting&gt;3\u2009months). A previous review attempted to investigate biopsychosocial prognostic factors for pediatric CPSP; however, due to lack of data, no meta-analytic techniques were employed. Since that review, numerous studies have investigated risk\/protective factors that fall within an Interpersonal Fear Avoidance Model for CPSP, thus warranting a reinvestigation of prognostic factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine prognostic factors, measurement tools applied, and their effect on the development of CPSP.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Evidence review<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prospective, observational studies examining prognostic factors of pediatric CPSP using validated self-report measures were included. 4884 unique publications were screened and 15 met inclusion criteria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pooled effect size for the association between presurgical child pain intensity and the presence of child CPSP was significant, OR=0.540 (95% CI=0.184 to 0.894). Child anxiety, child pain-related anxiety, and parent pain catastrophizing were not significant prognostic factors for child CPSP. Using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, the certainty in prognostic estimates was moderate. Risk of bias using Quality in Prognostic Study tool ranged from low to moderate.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Presurgical pain was the only presurgical risk factor at the meta-analytic level that significantly predicted pediatric CPSP, highlighting the importance of prioritizing pain management throughout the perioperative experience, starting before surgery. Depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance were the two potential risk\/protective factors that were unable to be assessed due to insufficient data or use of an unvalidated measure indicating a critical need for future research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CRD42022306340.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T08:20:20Z","timestamp":1738743620000},"page":"144-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prognostic factors of chronic postsurgical pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Brittany N","family":"Rosenbloom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Toronto Academic Pain Medicine Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona Denise","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services Health Systems Evaluation and Evidence, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vienna","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine S","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurpreet","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Health Services Health Systems Evaluation and Evidence, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nivez","family":"Rasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer N","family":"Stinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Sick Children Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A","family":"Birnie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5881-4045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A","family":"Rabbitts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090415240938000_50.2.144.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2017.03.007"},{"key":"2025090415240938000_50.2.144.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001413"},{"key":"2025090415240938000_50.2.144.3","unstructured":"World Health Organization . 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