{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:18:00Z","timestamp":1773371880964,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"3","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012537","name":"Chia-Yi Christian Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R112-035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R112-035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postamputation pain (PAP) is underexplored in East Asian populations, with most data originating from Western countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of PAP in East Asian individuals who underwent surgical amputation, particularly those requiring subsequent analgesia or nerve interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study used data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, encompassing claims from 2\u2009million randomly selected individuals out of 23.5\u2009million enrolled in Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2019. The risk factors for PAP were analyzed using multivariable regression, considering criteria such as chronic postamputation pain, symptomatic neuroma treatment, chronic analgesia use, and nerve interventions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 7287 amputees (mean age 59.5 years; 65.1% male), 18.1% (95% CI 17.2%, 19.0%) (1318 patients) experienced PAP requiring intervention. Significant risk factors included cancer (OR 2.20 (95% CI 1.27, 3.68)), peripheral artery disease (OR 2.11 (95% CI 1.66, 2.69)), infection (OR 1.93 (95% CI 1.55, 2.40)), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.85 (95% CI 1.45, 2.37)), and a higher Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.02, 1.06)). Prior radiculopathy (OR 1.30 (95% CI 1.13, 1.51)) and myelopathy (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.14, 1.55)) also increased pain odds, while age showed a slight inverse association (OR 0.99 (95% CI 0.98, 0.99)).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of PAP requiring subsequent analgesia or nerve interventions in this East Asian population is 18.1%. Identified risk factors include multiple medical comorbidities and pre-existing radiculopathy or myelopathy. These findings highlight the important considerations for both clinical practice and future research directions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105982","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T01:45:18Z","timestamp":1732153518000},"page":"285-291","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors for chronic postamputation pain requiring analgesia or nerve interventions: a population-based study in East Asia"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7689-8732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen-Chih","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1732-758X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Wei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8421-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheng-You","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen-Hao","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shu-Hsin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Lung","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle R","family":"Eberlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1258853","article-title":"The global burden of traumatic amputation in 204 countries and territories","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000918","article-title":"Prevalence of postamputation pain and its subtypes: a meta-analysis with meta-regression","volume":"6","author":"Schwingler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Rep"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.3","article-title":"The Psychosocial Impact of Lower Limb Amputation on Patients and Caregivers","volume":"14","author":"Alessa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004026","article-title":"Risk Factors for Prolonged Opioid Consumption in Lower Extremity Amputees","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7120815","article-title":"Opioid Addiction: Social Problems Associated and Implications of Both Current and Possible Future Treatments, including Polymeric Therapeutics for Giving Up the Habit of Opioid Consumption","volume":"2017","author":"Ben\u00e9itez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00234_6.x","article-title":"Diagnostic and treatment issues in postamputation pain after landmine injury","volume":"7 Suppl 2","author":"Wiffen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000003094","article-title":"A systematic review of the prevalence of postamputation and chronic neuropathic pain associated with combat injury in military personnel","volume":"165","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0b013e318261c9f9"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000007235","article-title":"Targeted Muscle Reinnervation as a Solution for Nerve Pain","volume":"146","author":"Lanier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001952","article-title":"Surgical Algorithm for Neuroma Management: A Changing Treatment Paradigm","volume":"6","author":"Eberlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2018.0864","article-title":"Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface for Management of Postamputation Neuroma","volume":"153","author":"Kubiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010692","article-title":"Targeted Muscle Reinnervation at the Time of Amputation Decreases Recurrent Symptomatic Neuroma Formation","volume":"153","author":"Goodyear","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003088"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa109","article-title":"The Society for Epidemiologic Research and the Future of Diversity and Inclusion in Epidemiology","volume":"189","author":"Gilman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0240431","article-title":"The prevalence and risk factors for phantom limb pain in people with amputations: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Limakatso","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.11622\/smedj.2013028","article-title":"Incidence of phantom limb phenomena after lower limb amputations in a Singapore tertiary hospital","volume":"54","author":"Sin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-017-0359-6","article-title":"The pre-amputation pain and the postoperative deafferentation are the risk factors of phantom limb pain: a clinical survey in a sample of Chinese population","volume":"17","author":"Yin","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/17571472.2010.11493315","article-title":"An overview of the healthcare system in Taiwan","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"London J Prim Care (Abingdon)"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-010-0289-2"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2018062","article-title":"Data resource profile: the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD)","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2014.1332"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S32299"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.027178","article-title":"Long-Term Risks of Stroke in Patients With Type A Aortic Dissection: A Nationwide Cohort Study","volume":"11","author":"Hsu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1097\/PXR.0000000000000072","article-title":"The incidence and trend of geriatric amputations in Taiwan from 1996 to 2013","volume":"46","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17002","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.2","article-title":"Neuropathic pain","volume":"3","author":"Colloca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2016.02.015","article-title":"Cross-cultural variation in preference for replantation or revision amputation: Societal and surgeon views","volume":"47","author":"Maroukis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000547","article-title":"Multicultural approaches of cancer pain","volume":"31","author":"Crombez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001009"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1718547","article-title":"Risk Factors for Neuropathic Pain Following Major Upper Extremity Amputation","volume":"37","author":"Lans","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-012-0245-5","article-title":"Wound dehiscence and stump infection after lower limb amputation: risk factors and association with antibiotic use","volume":"17","author":"Dunkel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2018.05.007","article-title":"Amputation stump perfusion is predictive of post-operative necrotic eschar formation","volume":"216","author":"De Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.039"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000009334","article-title":"Factors Related to Neuropathic Pain following Lower Extremity Amputation","volume":"150","author":"Lans","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)93479-3"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004549","article-title":"Pathophysiological and Neuroplastic Changes in Postamputation and Neuropathic Pain: Review of the Literature","volume":"10","author":"Issa","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.37","first-page":"e92","article-title":"Radicular pain from lumbar canal stenosis in addition to pre-existing phantom limb pain","volume":"74 Suppl 1","author":"Tomasi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76","DOI":"10.1097\/PHM.0000000000001585","article-title":"Radicular Pain After Hip Disarticulation: A Clinical Vignette","volume":"100","author":"Philip","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-234433","article-title":"Phantom radiculopathy: a rare postoperative phenomenon","volume":"13","author":"Archunan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"2026031205150964000_51.3.285.40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2973","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-021-05161-8","article-title":"Comparable outcomes of recycled autografts and allografts for reconstructions in patients with high-grade osteosarcoma","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Orthop"}],"container-title":["Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-105982","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:32:06Z","timestamp":1773333126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-105982"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rapm-2024-105982"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-105982","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-7339","1532-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-7339","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]]}}}