{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T12:54:30Z","timestamp":1781787270730,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is a compartment with rich autonomic and somatic innervation of the head, making it a crucial target for pain management interventions. Among the various techniques described, the suprazygomatic approach to the PPF may be one of the safest. However, the application of fluoroscopy to guide this approach has not been previously reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature describing a fluoroscopy-guided suprazygomatic approach to the PPF block. This brief technical report provides a step-by-step description of the technique and presents five cases demonstrating its implementation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five cases were successfully performed using the fluoroscopy-guided suprazygomatic approach for the management of primary and secondary headache disorders. The findings demonstrate that the technique is feasible, safe, and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fluoroscopy-guided suprazygomatic approach to the PPF offers a viable alternative to traditional methods and deserves further consideration in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-106323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,3]],"date-time":"2025-05-03T03:45:13Z","timestamp":1746243913000},"page":"711-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Fluoroscopy-guided suprazygomatic approach to pterygopalatine fossa block: a brief technical report"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0572-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Hilton de","family":"Andrade Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Singular\u2014Pain Management Center, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Lobo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singular\u2014Pain Management Center, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Fernando Paulichenco","family":"Mantoan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singular\u2014Pain Management Center, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Amaral de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singular\u2014Pain Management Center, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabricio Dias","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Singular\u2014Pain Management Center, Campinas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.1","unstructured":"Greenfield Sluder . The anatomical and clinical relations of the sphenopalatine ganglion to the nose. New York Medical Journal 1908;293\u20138."},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.2010.03262.x"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2019-100569"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31826d3dfc","article-title":"Lateral pterygoid muscle and maxillary artery are key anatomical landmarks for ultrasound-guided trigeminal nerve block","volume":"118","author":"Nader","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/head.12729"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13390","article-title":"The Effect of Regional Anesthetic Sphenopalatine Ganglion Block on Self-Reported Pain in Patients With Status Migrainosus","volume":"59","author":"Mehta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.7","first-page":"404","article-title":"Novocaine block of pterygopalatine fossa in the treatment of atrophic rhinitis","volume":"72","author":"Furstner","year":"1955","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2023-104967"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00143-1"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnab236","article-title":"Percutaneous Interventional Strategies for Migraine Prevention: A Systematic Review and Practice Guideline","volume":"23","author":"Barad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329588"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11916-019-0806-9","article-title":"Chronic Headache: a Review of Interventional Treatment Strategies in Headache Management","volume":"23","author":"Gupta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep"},{"key":"2026061805150763000_51.6.711.13","first-page":"1370","article-title":"New technic for blocking the 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve. 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