{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T05:58:07Z","timestamp":1777874287670,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"BMJ","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["bmj.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Reg Anesth Pain Med"],"accepted":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,24]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-106356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T23:30:12Z","timestamp":1741908612000},"page":"411-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/crossmarkpolicy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Redefining needle placement and pressure monitoring in regional anesthesia: insights from advanced imaging and innovative technologies"],"prefix":"10.1136","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5931-1362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graeme A","family":"McLeod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee, Dundee, UK"},{"name":"Heriot-Watt University School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9126-0179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier","family":"Sala-Blanch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Human Anatomy and Embryology, University of Barcelona Faculty of Medicine, Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dihan","family":"van Niekerk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, WC, South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9078-1020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"Reina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, CEU San Pablo University Faculty of Medicine, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"239","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-106086"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000286"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2006.01169.x"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2004.06.002"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000133"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000346"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2019-100765"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23253","article-title":"A novel marker for identifying and studying the membranes, barriers, and compartments surrounding peripheral nerves microscopically","volume":"31","author":"Reina","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23442","article-title":"Another (Internal) Epineurium: Beyond the Anatomical Barriers of Nerves","volume":"33","author":"Reina","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000002647","article-title":"Spread after Deliberate Intraneural Injections in a Cadaveric Study","volume":"130","author":"Reina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2021.03.036","article-title":"Real-time visualisation of peripheral nerve trauma during subepineural injection in pig brachial plexus using micro-ultrasound","volume":"127","author":"Chandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-104282"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2024-105721"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sala Blanch X , Boezaart A , McLeod G , et al . Vulnerability of Cervical Nerve Roots to lntrafascicular Spreading Following lntraneural Injections. Br J Anaesth 2025. doi:10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2024.11.030"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.01.006","article-title":"Incidence of sub-perineural injection using a targeted intracluster supraclavicular ultrasound-guided approach in cadavers","volume":"122","author":"Retter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2018-100087"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182276d10"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200610000-00024"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181a59891"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181aa2d73"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aep097"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.15232","article-title":"Novel approaches to needle tracking and visualisation","volume":"76 Suppl 1","author":"McLeod","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2019.03.001","article-title":"Pressure monitoring: The evidence so far","volume":"33","author":"Rambhia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14415","article-title":"The effect of rate of injection on injection pressure profiles measured using in-line and needle-tip sensors: an in-vitro study","volume":"74","author":"Saporito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14041","article-title":"Real-time continuous monitoring of injection pressure at the needle tip for peripheral nerve blocks: description of a new method","volume":"73","author":"Quadri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/rapm-2022-103759"},{"key":"2026043012300830000_51.4.411.27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.14330","article-title":"The ability of a real-time injection pressure monitoring system to discriminate between perineural and intraneural injection of the sciatic nerve in fresh cadavers","volume":"73","author":"Saporito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"}],"container-title":["Regional Anesthesia &amp; Pain Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/syndication.highwire.org\/content\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-106356","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T19:30:19Z","timestamp":1777577419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rapm.bmj.com\/lookup\/doi\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-106356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1136\/rapm-2024-106356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/rapm-2024-106356","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-7339","1532-8651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-7339","type":"print"},{"value":"1532-8651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]}}}